The Study On Embryo Culture Of Peach And Germplasm Innovation

Using 2 early riping nectarine as materials, carry out study on embryo abortion time, abortion degree and embryo rescue technic; Using 2 middle and late riping peach as materials, carry out study on the influence of some key-technical factors in embryo culture. The aim about the study is to summarize and consummate the embryo culture technical system, improving the rate of embryo seedlings in peach with different riping time. At the same time, we have obtained a large number of seedlings through embryo culture and selected 6 varieties with good traits. The main results as follows:1. The results of research on key technical factors in embryo culture⑴Using 0.1% HgCl2 as the disinfector, treating 8-12min with different circs, is the best way to disinfect embryo.⑵Seed capsule is one of the important factors to affect embryo culture, so the first work is to take out the seed capsule before inoculation.⑶Chilling treatment is another key factor to affect embryo culture. Embryo need more low temperature in early riping varieties, as the riping time prolong, the need of low temperature get shorter and shorter. For the same variety, embryo need more low temperature when it has embryo culture in earlier riping time. It's a good way to release from the dormancy after 45d-75d chilling treatment with a suitable concentration of hormone.⑷It's very important to know the begining time of embryo abortion to take embryo culture for the riping variety with 100 days growth time.It will obtain higher rate of embryo seedling when taking embryo before abortion.In this trial, it's a good time to take embryo culture before 2 weeks of riping time for Huaguang and 3-4 weeks for Early Red 2. For the middle and late riping variety with no embryo abortion, it a good time to take fruit before 2-4 weeks (PF value is more than 0.9) of riping time and embryo seedlings will grow normally with good root and leaf. So the good time to take fruit of Longmi 9 is 100 days after florescence and 110 days in Chongyanghong.⑸It will need longer chilling treatment in SH medium with no hormone and the result of embryo culture is bad with the same medium but have hoemone.So hormone is very important to embryo germination. The improved SH medium is the best in basic medium.(6)Through the trial, the suitable medium of germination in embryo culture is: improved SH+BA1.0mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L+sugar20-40g/L+agar4g/L,the suitable medium of multiplication is: LP+BA0.5-1.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+sugar30g/L+agar 4g/L and the suitable medium of rooting is: 1/2MS+IBA0.5-1.0 mg/L+sugar 15 g/L+agar 4g/L.⑺It is a key factor to improve rate of embryo culture that the seedling is more than 10 centimeters tall with more than 5 leaves and some fibres.2. We have obtained more than 1100 hybrid seedlings through embryo culture and have selected 6 varieties of peach and nectarine with good characters in general.