Study On Embryo Rescue Of Seedless Grapes Breeding And Germplasm Innovation

Using seedless grape as material, 14 crosses were carried out and the development of embryo was observed, after the embryo rescue of the seed from the crosses and self-pollinated, the improvement of the method for getting higher rate of fruit set was obtained, also, the main factors for embryo rescue was studied and the best results conditions were found. The whole work improved the embryo rescue technology system. The main results are:1 The study of the fruit setting between cultivars and diploid show tH2t it was significant different between different combinations, the highest result were obtained between the crosses using Anyi seedless as the female parent, which marked 56.1% .Meanwhile;The best time for pollination was when there are somefew flowers was blossom, the method was on the second, fourth and sixth days after castration, pollinated three times,and the setting rate H2d raise up 26% average of the two cross.2 The observation of the development of the embryo showed tH2t, the abortion rate increasing with the growth of fruit, the significant difference were found among different crosses, the earliest, quickest and the most serious abortion was found when 1124 and Jingzaojin were using as parent female, almost there were no embryo left. Flame seedless less tH2n 1124. Ruby seedless gave the result on the contrary of 1124. The date of embryo abortion is after pollination 35d of 1124,40d of Perlette,Jingzaojing and Flame seedless and 45d of Ruby seedless ,respectly.3 The study on the embryo rescue factor of infection showed tH2t the best period for take out the embryo was depended on the ripe time of the parent female, early-ripen cultivar should be take out earlier tH2n then mid and later ripen cultivars, most of them were took out 40 days after blossom. For the development of embryo, the best medium was ER, while for the germination, it were WP or MS/2 , for multiplication, modified MS/2 or modified B5/2. After culturing the embryo on the development medium, taking off the seed coat could improve the germination greatly compared to the lower germination rate with coat, furthermore, it was slow and with higher rate of abnormality.4 The perfected system of embryo rescue of grape seedless is hybridize in open-field, using three times pollination method, after 40 days of pollination, take the seed out, subculture on the ER medium, after 60 days, take the embryo out, subculture on the WP or MS/2 medium, accelerate the germination, then, subculture the seedling in the medio MS/2 or B5/2 with IBA and IAA, while it get the root, transplant the seedling into greenhouse and acclimation.