Introduction, Cultivation And Culture In Vitro Of Tulipa Edulis (Miq.) Baker

1.The botanical identification of Shancigu and Guangcigu in Chinese ancient literatureThe medicinal herbs which were traditionally used as "Shancigu" are derived from a variety of different plants,resulting in current use of herbal medicine in the name confusing of medicinal material "Shancigu".According to ancient and modern literature in the graphic,and geographical distribution,originated plant species of "Shancigu" have been studied.Simultaneously,we clarified the original plant of "Shancigu" recorded in several ancient literatures through modern taxonomic researches.We concluded that "Shancigu" should come from originally Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don) Makino in Ben Cao Shi Yi(Tang Dynasty),and afterwards, two other species,i.e.Tulipa edulis(Miq.) Baker and C.appendiculata were used under one Chinese name "Shancigu" in other ancient literatures i.e.Da Guan Ben Cao (Song Dynasty) and Compendium of Materia Medica(Ming Dynasty).In modern publications,more species,such as two species of Pleione,were also recorded under the name of "Shancigu",but none of them is the original plant of "Shancigu".2.Introduction test of Tulipa edulis in BeijingWild Tulipa eclulis isn't found in Beijing and the surrounding areas.We introduced Tulipa edulis from Anhui Province to Beijing City,and observed its phenophase and self-pollinated situation;at the same time,we carried on the test to observe the influence of light intensity,soil temperature on Tulipa edulis's growth.The experiments proved:Tulipa edulis can grow,bloom,and fructify in Beijing area well, but the yield is very low because of short growing period;and the Tulipa edulis cannot self-pollinate,that it is a cross-fertilized plant.3.Good agricultural practice for Tulipa edulis(Miq.) BakerAccording to "3414" completely implemented scheme of soil testing which is a fertilization technical specification formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, investigators conducted fertilization experiments on Tulipa edulis(Miq.) Baker,apply 3414 field test design and management systems and Stata statistical software to regression and variance analysis of the output and fertilizer quantity,and studied the rule of fertilization on T.edulis.The results showed that:the yield,the rate of increase, the average weight of single bulb,the proportion of the bulbs that greater than 2.0 g of treatment10(N₂P₂K₃)were highest;at the same time,the yield,the rate of increase and the proportion of the bulbs that greater than 2.0g of treatment10(N₂P₂K₃) were significantly higher,than those of treatment0(N₀P₀K₀);moreover,proportion of the bulbs that greater than 2.0 g of treatment10(N₂P₂K₃) was significantly higher than the other 13 treatments.In addition,there's positive correlation between the yield and potash fertilizer,the output and potassium fertilizer quantity obey linear relation: Y=51.367+1.810X.So we can draw a conclusion:potash manure is critical to T.edulis.Through cultivation experiments,we studied the impact of different planting densities,sowing depth and covered by thin plastic film on Tulipa edulis(Miq.) Baker yield,rate of increase,bulb weight increased multiples,and proliferation rate of bulb. The experiments in the first year proved:in 30～200 bulbs/m² density range,the yield and the rate of increase boosted along with the density increasing,and reached significance level;however,the average weight of single-bulb,the multiples of bulb weight increased,and the proportion of different sizes bulbs had no significant difference.;in 5～20 centimeter depth range,the yield,the rate of increase and the number of harvested bulbs enhanced along with the sowing depth increasing,and the best sowing depth is 20 cm;covered by thin plastic film didn't favor the T.edulis's growth.The experiments in the second year showed,the yield was highest when the densty reached 400 bulbs/m²,however,the yield would decrease while the densty higher;but the rate of increase was higher than any other treatments.We studied the best-harvest time by the statistical analysis of different indexes including the output,the rate of increase,the average weight of single bulb and colchicine content and so on.The experiment proved:the yield,the rate of increase and the average weight of single bulb are highest if we crop Tulipa edulis in May,though the colchicine content of bulbs were different in different harvest time,but all of them were trace quantity level.So we can draw a conclusion:the harvest should be carried on after the T.edulis's leaf blades have withered for 2-3 weeks in May,or can affect yield and its active ingredient content.Through cultivation experiments,we studied the impact of different size of seedball.The results proved:the yield and the rate of increase were higest when the seedballs weigh 0.5～1.0 gramme,smaller bulbs were Suitable for seedball too,but the bulbs bigger than 2.0 gramme did not suitable for seedball.4.Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Tulipa edulisThis study was to establish the tissue culture and rapid propagation of T.edulis. Sterilizing with 0.1%HgCL₂ for 12～18 min and washing with sterile distilled water for 5～6 times is best for T.edulis.The bud inside bulb and new complete bulb of T.edulis could all be induced to callus and adventitious buds.The induction rate of the bud inside bulbwas higher than the nes complete bulb.Take MS as the basic culture medium,NAA and 6-BA had better effect on callus and adventitious buds than other auxins and cytokinins,while IBA had better effect on adventitious roots than NAA.