| Tulipa edulis(Miq.)Baker is a perennial herb of the genus Tulipa within the Liliaceae family.The dried bulb of T.edulis without the tomentum,known as Guangcigu,is currently an important medicine for the treatment of variety of tumors,such as throat cancer,liver cancer,lymphoma,and breast cancer,and it is an important ingredient in various traditional Chinese medicines,such as Ru-he-san-jie.T.edulis mainly comes from wild at present,and its growth is slow,propagation coefficient is low,however,as the development of its medicinal value,the market demand leads to the increasingly prominent contradiction between supply and demand,so that the raw materials become a bottleneck which restricting the development of related pharmaceutical companies.At present,the cultivation techniques of T.edulis has been basic matured,and a cultivation system of T.edulis has been deliminator established as a result of a series of physical and cultural studies of T.edulis.Cultivation will decrease the pressure on wild populations of T.edulis,ensure sufficient production and provide an opportunity to enhance the quality of Guangcigu.However,T.edulis was not including in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China,and there were rarely research of its chemical composition,besides,its active ingredients were unknown.So that when conducted the artificial cultivation of T.edulis we could only with biomass accumulation,yield and medicinal properties as evaluation indexes of various cultural practices and the processing method.Nevertheless,the particularity of yield and quality double standards of the medicinal plants,which urgently needs us to carry out comprehensive evaluation research of the quality of the artificial cultivation of T.edulis.The main research results and conclusions of this study are as follows:1.The results of system preliminary experiment of chemical composition included that Guangcigu contain sugar,polysaccharide,or glycosides,reducing sugar,alkaloids,lac-tone coumarin,flavonoids,tannins,organic acids,steroids,terpenoids,saponins,volatile oil,and may contain phenols,amino acids,peptides and proteins,excluding anthraquinone and its glycosides,cardiac glycosides.HPLC method was not detected the colchicine of Guangcigu,which may because of the content of colchicine of Guangcigu was very low.The pure polysaccharide of Guangcigu exhibited bioactivity against MCF-7 cells,and suppressed cell proliferation of MCF-7 in a dose-dependent manner,which IC50 was 1.01 mg·ML-1 mg·mL-1.Thus we preliminary suspected that the pure polysaccharide may the important active ingredients of Guangcigu.Besides,the pure polysaccharide of Guangcigu exhibited much higher activity of suppressed cell proliferation of MCF-7 than crude polysaccharide.2.Different temperature of the breaking dormancy significantly affected the way of breeding of T.edulis,such as 4? and FT treatments tended to breed by the endogenous bulbs,10? treatment more inclined to breed by lateral bulbs,while 10? treatment more inclined to breed by stolon.The water soluble extract content of 10? and FT treatments of Guangcigu were significantly higher than that 4? treatment,and there were no significant differences between 10 ?,FT and 4 ? on the ethanol-soluble extract content,total fresh weight and dry weight of bulbs.Among the four temperature of breaking dormancy,the order of the polysaccharide content was:4?>FT>10?>15?,and the order of the bioactivity against MCF-7 cells was:15?>FT>10?>4?.So comprehensive breeding,production and quality indicators,we preliminary thought that variable temperature treatment FT is the optimal temperature of bulb dormancy of T.edulis.3.Under the condition of the density of 100 plants/m2,120?480 kg/hm2 organic-inorganic fertilizer showed insignificant effects on growth and yield of T.edulis.In comparison with sole fertilizer 120 kg/hm2 treatment,the 120 kg/hm2 plus 0.2%zinc sulfate foliar application treatment showed higher significantly bulb fresh and dry weight,higher contents of water soluble extract and polysaccharide,especially increased the polysaccharide content by 72.36%with significant difference(p<0.05).The colchicine in bulbs in the four treatments were not detected.In conclusion,based on production,quality index and economic benefit evalution,it was suggested that organic-inorganic fertilizer 120 kg/hm2 as basal fertilizer and 0.2%zinc sulfate foliar application at growing peak period were recommended to realize high quality T.edulis cultivation.4.The moisture content of different drying methods showed significant differences,and the moisture content of Guangcigu was higher in the oven-dried treatment than in the sun-dried treatment.And the polysaccharide content among different drying methods showed significant differences.Among the postharvest drying processing treatments,increasing the oven temperature increased the activity and suppressed proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the following order:P4>P3>P2>P1.The present results indicated that oven drying at 60 ?(P4)offered obvious advantages over sun drying and was a better drying method for Guangcigu,Thus,comprehensive cost,practicability and chemical component content and pharmacology activities considered,suggested that the best drying method for Guangcigu is oven drying at 60 ?.5.The polysaccharide content of insect herbivory Guangcigu was reduced by 30.28%compared with the normal one,while the ethanol-soluble extract content was 31.04%higher than CK.However,the in vitro anti-breast cancer bioactivity of insect herbivory Guangcigu was significantly higher than the normal one,and its IC50 was higher 44.20%of the normal.However,the effect of the cell toxicity of insect herbivory Guangcigu to the human body needs further research.6.Compared the quality of the wild and cultivated T.edulis,the results showed that fertilization treatments and the postharvest drying process decreased moisture content and increased total ash content significantly compared with wild T.edulis populations.No statistically significant differences were found between wild and fertilizer treatment populations in ethanol-soluble and polysaccharide content or in bioactivity against MCF-7 cells.The postharvest drying process treatments exhibited significantly higher ethanol-soluble extract content and bioactivity against MCF-7 cells than did the wild-harvested T.edulis,and no significant difference in polysaccharide content was found.Hence,based on the present work,we preliminarily considered that cultivation of T.edulis according to standard agricultural procedures,instead of collecting the plants from their natural habitats,seems necessary and feasible to continuously supply the standard plant to the market. |
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