Study Of Screening Of Substrate And Fertilizer Ratio And Adaptability Of Camellia Japonica Under Summer High Light And Winter Low Temperature

Camellia(Camellia japonica L.) is evergreen shrub or arbor of the Genus Camellia (Theaceae).It is one of the ten famous traditional flowers in China and very valuable in ornament.It's the development trend applying soilless to the potted flowers at present.The traditional soil culure in Camellia japonica inhibit its transportation and export.Therefore, The screening of light substrate in C.japonica is very important.Meanwhile,C.japonica in substrate needs matching cultivation technique.So,in order to provide scientific basis of Standard cultivation the effect of the ferliter ratio,the high light in summer and low temperature in winter on C.japonica is studied in this paper.The results showed that:1.Studies on the substrate Formula of Camellia japonica soilless cultureIn this study,we selected three cultivars('Helun Bower','Black magic','Miss Charleston Variegated') and seven formulae with peat,prrlite,sand,saw dust,coir dust and cinder with soil as control.On the basis of the study on physical and chemical properties of seven formula,the optimum formula was screened through measurement morphological indexes such as plant height,diameter,leaf quality and physiological index of root vigor, chlorophyll content,soluble sugar.The results showed that:the best growth performance best growthperformances was observed for the growth of the three varieties in substrate treat 7(perlite and peat in the volume ratio of 2:1).secondly,in substrate treat 5(perlite,coir dust and Saw dust in the volume ratio of 2:1:2) and treat 2(sand and Saw dust in the volume ratio of 2:1).The worst growth performances of C.japonica was found in treat 3(cinder,coir dust and saw dust in the volume radio of 2:1:2).Considering that peat was not a recycled resource with a higher value,which was not the optimal growth substrate for Camellia japonica,but the two mixture subtrate 5 and 2 available readily and with acceptable price can be used as economic and applicable culture substrate of Camellia japonica.2.Influence of different rates of NPK Fertilizer on growth and physiological characterics of C.japonicaOn the basis of the screening the optimal substrate formule of C.japonica,we selected two cultivars('Helun Bower','Blackmagic'),and three rates of NPK with(NH₄)₂H₂SO₄,KCL and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O as metiral.The effect of rates of NPK on growth and physiological characteristics of C.japonica is studied,in order to screen the optimal formule fertilizer ratio in C.japonica.The result showed:in four treatment,N:P₂O₅:K₂O=15:15:15 is bemeficial to the growth of plant height and biomass accumulation.Chlorophyll content of C.japonica was higherin the treatment.3,Effects of Shade on Growth and Physiological characteristics of Camellia seedlingsThe effects of light transmittca degrees(100%,48.5%,22.4%) on the growth and physiological characteristics of C.japonica 'Helen Bower' were examined.The results indicated that photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular space and concentration of CO₂ under one layer shading was the highest.Under 22.4%degree, stomatal conductance and intercellular space and concentration of CO₂ was decreased. Transpiration rate were no significant difference in three treatments in July.Shading in 5-7 month,plant height increased with the enhanced shading degree,but basal diameter was no significant difference.Under continuing shading,the plants which were treated by shading showed that water content of leaf was increased and special leaf weight was decreased remarkably and the contents of chlorophyll was increased,but soluble protein content and soluble sugar content was decreased with the decrease of light intensity.Therefore,one layer shading(48.5%light transmittca degree) was favor of the growth and photosynthesis of C.japonica in high temperature stage in summer.4,The effect of the natural low temperature of winter on physiological characteristics of C. japonicaUsing C.japonica'Helun Bower'as the test material,the test material were placed open field from 2007-12-20 to 2008-1-27.When nature temperature decreased to 0℃and sustained three days,we sampled and determination Through dematerial,semilethal low temperature and soluble soluble protein and proline investigated cold hardiness.The results showed that the semilethal low temperature of C.japonica was 9.4-10.4℃,and the semilethal low temperature decreased with temperture drop.The soluble protein,MDA,POD activity were consistent with variation of temperture. But the protein shows no correlation with the semilethal low temperature.In theory,safe hibernation of 'Helun Bower'is practicable under nature low temperature of winter in Zhejiang area,which about 0～-2℃.