| Radix Achyranthis bidentatae was earliest recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica which has been a long history of planting and medcine. The efficacy of Achyranthes roots is very powerful as reported, so they are widely used in clinical practice. In recent twenty years, studies on the medicinal components of Achyranthes Roots have been made a great development. In present studies, mineral elements, extraction technologies of polysaccharides in the roots and biological activities of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) have been mainly discussed. The above-mentioned researches provide some references and basis on quality control and application in poultry industry of Radix Achyranthes Bidentatae. The details are divided into five parts as follows:Test 1 Detection of twelve elements in the crude drugs of different Achyranthes Roots The ICP-MS, AFS and FAAS method were used to determine the contents of Zn, Mn, Fe, K, Cu, Ca, Co, Sr, Pb, As, Hg, Cd in the crude drugs of different Radix Achyranthis varieties(RAVs) respectively. The results showed that relative standard deviations of the above-mentioned three methods were all less than 5% and the recoveries were 88.23%～102.98%. Most of the contents of different elements were significantly different among different drugs. The results indicate that the determination of elements is accurate and reliable and there exists remarkable differences in the contents of elements in RABVs, which are rich in K, Ca, Fe, Zn, etc minerals beneficial to human and animals. However, some heavy metals exceed the standards in the crude drugs of Cyathula officinalis Kuan and Archyranthes aspera.Test 2 Effects of different extraction technologies on the extraction rates of refined Cyathula officinalis Kuan polysaccharides (RCP) RCP was extracted by heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment, cellulase and ultrasonic treatment respectively. The changes of the surface structure of herb residues of Cyathula officinalis Kuan after treated by the three above-mentioned extraction methods were investigated by electron microscope scanning. The results showed that the extraction rates of RCP by heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment and cellulase and ultrasonic treatment were in order of 8.9%, 20.81% and 31.13% which have direct relation to the surface structure of herb residues.Test 3 Study on the orthogonal experimental design of extraction for refined Cyathula officinalis Kuan polysaccharides by cellulase and supersonic treatment The optimum extraction conditions were obtained by the experiment with the orthogonal design. The content of RCP was determined by the method of spectrophotometry. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency were studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of cellulase treatment included 15U/g cellulase in extraction solutions at pH 5 for 1 h, and the temperature is maintained at 50℃. The optimal extraction conditions of supersonic treatment were following: the granularity of samples was 20 screen mesh, solid-liquid ratio (w/v) was 1:40 and the extraction time was 20 min.Test 4 The efffects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide The immunosuppresssive mice models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of Cy, and different doses of AbPS was given for 10 continuous days in this study. The results suggested that as compared with the Cy control group, thymus index, spleen index, WBCs and CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly increased after the intraperitoneal injection of AbPS in normal and AbPS treated groups, and this effects appeared a dose-dependent relationship. The tested iterms above-mentioned in were also higher than those of immunosuppresssive mice. The Data in this study indicated that the immunocompromised status in mice induced by Cy could be partialy restored to normal level by AbPS, which also could enhance the immune function of normal mice.Test 5 Effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on immunity against Eimeria tenella in young broilers Young broilers were immunized with 2×103 live oocysts per chicken on day 10 and injected intramuscularly with ABPS (200 mg/kg b.w., 100mg/kg b.w. and 50mg/kg b.w.) on day 11, 14 and 17 respectively. All immunized birds were chanllenged orally with 5×104 oocysts for each chicken on day 18. The results showed that ABPS could inhibit body weight loss of young broilers infected with Eimeria tenella, alleviate cecal lesion, reduce fecal oocyst output and enhance the immune response to some degree. The effects of high and middle dose of ABPS (200 mg/kg b.w., 100mg/kg b.w. ) are better. These findings provide experimental evidence that ABPS has the potential to be used as an immunostimulant to improve broilers'immunity. |
PDF Full Text Request