Study On Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection District Of Maqu Waters Of The Yellow River

The Yellow River Maqu section locates at east longitude 100°45 ' 45 " - 103°38 ', the north latitude 33 o 08 ' - 35°22 ' 41 ", with the elevation between 2200-4806 meters. It lies at intersection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plain and the Loess Highlands, the biodiversity zone of transition, and has the unique geographical position. Its biodiversity holds the very important status in our country even the world. It is the spawning ground, the feeding ground and the wintering grounds of unique fishes. Based on the region's specific social economy and the ecological environment, and the ecology, the society, the economic efficiency, This article carries on the diagnosis to the ecological environment, with the emphases on the discussion to the fishery resources protection, in order to provide the theory instruction for Yellow River upstream unique fish state-level aquatic product idioplasm resources protectorate and the Gansu Province Maku Qinghai-Tibet Plain indigenous fishes nature protection area's work, realizes the Yellow River Maku section ecological environment restoration and the provincial economy development finally.1. This region locates at the Qinghai-Tibet Plain climatic zone, the high and cold moist climatic region, with the continental monsoon climate characteristic. The main resident is the Tibetan national minority engaging in the animal husbandry production primarily, only has the few industries and the tourism, there is a lack of the industrial pollution sources.2. The Yellow River Maqu section mean discharge is 371 m3/s, the year total amount of runoff is 370×108 m3. The current of water is gentle with the slope of 0.033% and flow speed of 1.1 m/s. The water quality is first-level, the transparency is between 23.3-47 cm. The average total hardness is 3.55 mg/L, the average ion total quantity is 3946 mg/L. It is the alkaline water, the PH lies between 8.1-8.3. The average water temperature is 8.4-8.9℃with the amplitude 0-16℃, rivers dissolution oxygen content lies between 6.9-7.7.3. There are 82 kinds of algae belonging to 34 genus in 22 families of 5 phylums, the main type was the diatom, the green alga and the blue-green alga, others are few. The dominant species are Cymbella Sp., Synedra Sp. and Navicula Sp. and so on. Algae's average biomass is 3.24×105 Cells/L and 0.7439mg/L, the Bacillariophyta accounts for 80.12% of the total quantity, and 74.56% of the total weight. Looked from the season that is highest by the spring, the autumn is least.4. There are 52 kinds of zooplankton, including protozoon 7 kinds,rotifer 13 kinds,cladocera 25 kinds and copepoda 7 kinds. The benthos altogether have 12 species, the overwhelming majority were the aquatic insects accounting for 75% of the total species, others are annulata, mollusk and crustacean. In the benthos, the common kinds were Gammaridae, Chironomidae caterpillars, Plecoptera, Baetidae, Hydrometridae and so on. In the region there are the massive aquatic vascular plants, like Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeriana, Hippuris vulgaris and so on.5. There are 197 species of vertebrates belonging to 58 families in 26 orders of 5 classes, including 14 fishes, 6 Mammalias, 95 birds, 4 amphibians and 1 crawler.6. According to this waters' nature and the fishery resources situation, state-level"aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection District of Maqu waters of The Yellow River"are suggested. The target of the protection district is to prevent the 7 fishes of Tripophysa papptnhtimi, T. siluroidcs, Gymnodipychus pachychtilus, Pladtypharodon extremus, Gymnocypris tckloni, Schizopygoprsis pylzovi, Chuanchia labiosa; and some other animals including Lutra lutra, Batrachμperμs tibetanμs, Bufo minshanicus, Scutiger boulengeri, and so on. These are included in "China Endangered animal Red book - Fish","the provincial level key protection wild animal name list"and some have the high economic value.7. The aquatic germplasm resources protection district divides into the core area and the experimental plot, by the indigenous fishes, ecological environment and the function request. According to plan, the total area is 30996 hectares, the core area have the river of 853 kilometers,8754 hectares, accounts for the total area 28.24%; The experimental plot rivers have 905 kilometers and 22242 hectares, accounts for the area 71.76%.8. The aquatic germplasm resources protection district will play the influential role in the biodiversity, adjustment of climate, preserving water source, the conservation of soil against erosion, maintaining the ecological equilibrium of middle and upper reaches Yellow River, preventing the Yellow River flood. It will accelerate the economical sustained development in middle and lower reaches of Yellow River, cause this region forest ecosystem and the meadow prairie ecosystem to receive the good protection. It will provides the safeguard for the restores and the reasonable use of resources.