Genetic Diversity And Genetic Differentiation Of Koi Carp, Long-feng Carp And Long-fin Carp

There were three parts of this article,the first part was to find the relationships between two groups of Long-feng carp(93),which crossed by two different parents,one was Long-feng(♂)×Long-feng carp(♀) ,the other one was Long-feng(♂)×Koi carp(♀). Ten traditional morphological data and twenty truss network data were combined to conduct a multivariate analysis to study the influence of different parents.the second part used twenty microsatellite primers to find the genetic diversity of three groups of carps----- the Long-fin carp,Koi carp and Long-feng carp(total sample sizes was 76 ). In the third part ,choosed 8 of Long-fin carp,8 of Koi carp and 10 of Long-feng carp as samples to find the difference of these 3 carps in genomic DNA and the genetic relationships by mitochondrial DNA D-loop methord .and the results were as follows:1. Except the traits of body width, distance between the origin of pectoral fin and terminal of head back(BC),the origin of dorsal fin and origin of anal fin(EF) and the origin of dorsal fin and terminal of anal fin(EH),There had no significant difference(P<0.05) between the two groups of the morphological traits tested by the mean value. principal component analysis showed that all traits could be divided into 9 kinds of factors ,and the cumulative contribution ratio was 81.11%,there had no obviously seprate trend in the two populations,the discriminant analysis indicated that, by six traits—body width,snout length,eyes distances,distance between the origin of pectoral fin and origin of pelvic fin(BD),distance between the origin of pectoral fin and terminal of head back(BC) and distance between the origin of pelvic fin and terminal of head back( DC) could get two discriminate functions, the total discriminant accuracy was 78.5% .the difference coefficient test found that all of the 30 difference values were less than 1.28,did not met the criteria into sub-species,the conclusion was that there had high similarity between the two study groups although they had different parents.2. Twenty microsatellite primers were use to study the genetic diversity of Long-fin carp,Koi carp and Long-feng carp,The results were as follows: 108,164 and 154 alleles were respectively detected on the 20 loci in the three carp populations.the effective number of alleles in each population was 4.496,5.965 and 5.506 , the genetic diversity were 0.764,0.803 and 0.799, the expected heterozygosity were 0.769,0.806 and 0.801, the polymorphism information content (PIC)were 0.703,0.761 and 0.757 respectively, the three carp groups had a higher genetic diversity levels overall.in which Koi carp was the highest,Long-feng second,then the Long-fin carp.Hardy-Weinberg balance test revealed that there had 26 loci in 3 carp groups showed significant genetic imbalance(P<0.01),the deviation index analysis concluded that,most of the 20 loci were heterozygote excess,The average genetic differentiation coefficient was 7.1%,average gene flow was 3.5895,had a relatively high gene flow in 3 carp groups.3. In the present study ,population structure and the genetic relationship of three carp groups,Long-fin carp, Koi carp and Long-feng carp ,were investigated using mitochondrial DNA sequence data analysis.A total of 386bp fragment were analysed,in which was rich in A+T,less in G+C, 17 vavialbe sites were found, in which had 7singleton variable sites , 10 parsimony informative sites , 1 site with missing data ,and one site with A base insert,10 haplotypes were revealed,2 of them were shared by the group,others were specific to each group,the average haplotype diversity of the groups was 0.708±0.095,the average number of nucleotide differences was 3.966 and the nucleotide diversity was 0.013,Genetic cluster analysis showed that ,the Long-feng carp had a closer genetic distance with Koi carp,the conclusion was that in the three carp populations ,Long-feng carp was much similar to Koi carp,the Koi carp `s genetic diversity index were higher than Long-feng carp and Long-fin carp,which was as the same as the results of microsatellite analysis.