Research On Soil And Water Conservation Monitoring Of Hydropower Project In Sichuan Province

soil and Water Conservation Monitoring is one measure that can protect the soil and water resources, improve and protect good ecological environment. And it can provide scientific basis for planning, design, implementation and evaluation of soil erosion control measures through various means such as investigation and measurement and so on.Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring is the basis of macro decision-making that a country starts ecological construction, which is the important part of Soil and Water Conservation. It is also the basis that we do acceptance of Soil and Water Conservation Project. And it can promote soil and water conservation information and modernization. It is an important means that can help us preventing and controlling soil erosion, making evaluation of control and administrative enforcement.Hydropower Project makes the soil erosion problem seriously, because it takes long time to be finished, and it will produce much spoil because of its large scale. The ecological environmental problems are particularly serious in Sichuan Province, whose ecological environment is being broken down because of Hydropower Project development. So that we take Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring in Sichuan for example will have important significance.This study takes Shiziping Hydropower Project Of Jing River Basin in Ya'an Ya'an City, Sichuan province for an example. It summarizes characteristics of the soil erosion Hydropower Project, analysis and summarizes methods of the Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring. In this study we establelish a reasonable index system of oil and Water Conservation Monitoring, and discuss some problems in our monitoring work.. The main conlusions are followings:(1) The total characteristics of Hydropower Project soil erosion are followings: the water erosion occurs primarily with the occurance of mass erosion at the same time,mixed erosion such as Mud-rock flow is also very common; it mainly occurs in the construction period, and the movement time soil erosion is slight; the each prevention district is different from the using way and the original landform type, and the soil erosion characteristic is also different; the soil erosion can be reduced if we take soil and water conservation measures in n accordance with the Soil and Water Conservation Program.(2) Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring of Hydropower Project mainly takes the method the ground and the investigation monitoring we both take. First,investigate and inspect project area terrain, climate and other natural conditions;And then select a representative to monitor the regional emplacement, and start the ground monitoring. We can use national patent 9-eyelets triage method, in ground monitoring. And this method has become mature.(3) The principles we set monitoring point in Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring of Hydropower Project are as follows: monitoring the soil erosion condition effectively, mainly considering the typical conservation of water and soil monitor primarily.(4) The principle that we determine the time and frequency of Hydropower Project monitoring, is as follows:â‘ Determine the monitoring period.â‘¡Our monior must have a focus. And we can focus on spoil mark monitoring. specially every year the flood season should increase the monitor frequency. In particular, the annual flood season should be increased frequency of monitoring.â‘¢We must consider the progress of the construction.(5) The index system of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring of Hydropower Project can be divided into five parts: the background of soil erosion, soil erosion conditions, soil erosion hazards, soil and water conservation and soil conservation measures.There are 5 index kinds,27 index sub-kinds,and 93 index in all.(6) Monitoring results indicate that in the gold beach Hydropower Project construction area, the perturbation land improvement rate is 98.1%, and the treatment of soil erosion arrives 94.52%. The ratio of the project permanent occupying land area is 0.88. The rate of grass coverage is 33.4%, achieving the prevention target value.The proportions of soil erosion controlin in the 1# and 2# dregs field area are 0.08 and 0.19, and proportion of soil erosion control in highway construction aera is 0.29, and the rate of grass coverage is 50.2%,not achieving the target value. (7) Setting five monitoring points (such as the Ertan Hydropower Station in the golden field of slag, permanent works of the region, highway construction zone, construction of the production and living areas) to monitor its early operation state of soil erosion, and some of the following conclusions will be summarized.â‘ Factors affecting the runoff coefficient are followings: slope material composition, slope, the slope of vegetation conditions, rainfall intensity and rainfall which lasted and so on, and the longer the rain lasted, the more perfect soil and water conservation measures, the smaller the runoff coefficient.â‘¡The factor that affects unit area of soil erosion and runoff coefficient is the same basically, but the main difference lies in which slope material composition affects the runoff coefficient more.â‘¢The main fator affecting unit area of soil erosion is vegetation coverage when the rainfall intensity is low (moderate rain), but when the rainfall intensity is high (heavy rain, rainstorms), the effections that vegetation coverage takes on a unit area of soil erosion will decrease significantly.