Study On The Exogenous Enzymes On Fresh Tobacco And Quality After Shattering

This experiment has studied the effect of exogenous enzymes on physiological characters of fresh tobacco and quality after shattering. Including the experiment of field and indoor. The field experiments were conducted in luo yang and Xu Chang of Henan province in 2007-2008. studied on the effect of physiological characters of fresh tobacco after spraying exogenous enzymes; Using orthogonal test indoor, studied on effects of the best technological conditions and microwave to the fresh tobacco after shattering. the results are as follows:1,In the field aspect:①the tobacco which were sprayed exogenous enzymes, the tendency of its pigment metabolism showed that: the contents of chlorophyll and carotene increasing slowly in early period, and decreased gradually. All the treatments which were sprayed exogenous enzymes to the highest in 7d, and to the lowest in 21d. Inaddition to, all the treatments were lower than CK. Both the content of chlorophyll and carotene were lowest in B when spraying single enzyme, especially the high concentration, but the content of chlorophyll and carotene were lowest in A2B3 when spraying mixed enzyme. the tobacco leaves which matured yellower than which were sprayed nothing in The field.②after spraying 21d, The order of amylase activity when spraying single enzyme was as follows: A3>A2>A1>CK>B1>B2>B3;The treatments which were sprayed mixed enzyme. Its amylase activity was significantly higher than CK, the biggest increasing amplitude respectively :A2B3(65.4%),A3B1(60.0%),A3B2(51.55%). The protease activity of different treatments were trended to increasing in the determination stages. there was no distinct difference between CK and the treatment which were sprayed amylase. This indicated that had no effect after spraying amylase, but the protease activity of these treatments which were sprayed mixed enzyme and protease was higher than CK, it was good to degrade protein. ③In the measuring procedures, the starch of lower leaves increasing gradually following growing, to the highest in 14d, and soon started to degrade slowly .the tendency to total sugar was that: increasing following growth period, to the highest in 21d. In addition to, spraying A could degrade the starch , for example the treatment of A2,compared to control, the content of starch decreased 6.82% and the content of total sugar increased 10.5%, but the treatment of B was exactly opposite. What's more ,spraying mixed enzymes were better than spraying single enzyme overall, A3B2,A3B1 were more ideal; spraying protease was good to degrade the content of protein of tobacco leaves in the field. such as the treatment of B3, compared to control, the content of protein decreased 31.5% and the content of free amino acids increased 29.2%, there was no distinct difference between mixed enzyme and the single enzyme A3B2,A2B2 were more ideal;2,In the indoor aspect:④the results showed that: EDTA, phytic acid ,citric acid ,ascorbic acid could restrain leaves browning, the order of influence factors was that: C>D>B>A; The optimum antioxidant process conditions was A2B3C3D3,Some large-scale experiments were conducted to proof the process conditions were feasible .⑤enzyme dosage was the main factor which influenced the smoking quality, the optimum conditions for the extraction process was 36×,temperature B3(45℃)was more ideal.⑥Some macro molecular substances of tobacco leaves such as starch, protein, cell wall substances degraded gradually, and (0-18×)decreased quickly, amplitude reduction was big, however (18-36×)decreased slowly, the amplitude reduction was little. furthermore, the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, free amino acids increased gradually, and the content of total nitrogen ,nicotine reduced with the promoting of time, but the amplitude reduction was not obvious. Different exogenous additives influenced the chemical component were various, the antioxidant and exogenous enzymes synergistic effectade T3 have the best effect, T2 was better than T1,CK was the worst.⑦Using 2450 MHz microwave during the early stage of shattering the fresh tobacco leaves could reduce the content of protein, total nitrogen ,promote the degradation of starch ,increase the content of total sugar; to nicotine have no obvious influence. Besides, the content of free amino acid, reducing sugar of three microwave treatments significantly lower than control.⑧the freeze drying accorded with the requirement of high quality, the content of starch, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar ,total nitrogen, nicotine were all highest of freeze dying.