Nutrition Disorders Diagnosis Of Grape Protected Cultivation And Research Of High-efficiency Fertilization Technique In South China

There is a flourishing tendency to grow grape by protected cultivation recently and the measure of shelter cultivation that avoided rainfall is popular in south China. However, nutrition disorders is becoming more obvious in the semi-closed environment. In order to diagnose the nuitrion disorders, we set up test point in Nanhu district of Jiaxing city and Changxing district of Huzhou city, Zhejiang province. There we research the advanced fertilizing techniques through long-term field experiments. The results were summrized as follows:1. Find out the nutrition disorders of grape protected cultivation in Jiaxing city: (1)The soil nutrition become higher than it was before and is unbalanced. Available phosphorus is between 200-500mg/kg, 4-5 times of the normal soil; Available potassium is between 1400-2000 mg/kg, 10-20 times of the normal soil; the concentration of calcium and magnesium are up to 2.15-3.85 g/kg and 0.45-0.61 g/kg respectively, which are far beyond the common level. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium is close to 1:2:5, falling short of the nutrition demand characteristic of grape. (2)Soil salinization is serious, and its surface conductivity is higher than 1.0 ms/cm. (3)Soil acidification is obvious, with pH 3.87-5.54, lower than proper scope of grape gorwth. (4)Trace and mesne elements deficiency appeared in the later stage of fruit expanding, especially magnesium. (5)The use of organic fertilizer is unreasonable sometimes.2. Get the recommended nutrition input of grape protected cultivation in Jiaxing by the research of nutrition demand characteristic of grape protected cultivation (kg/667m²): Spring top-dressing -N-5.4, P₂O₅-0.8, K₂O-0.8, Mg-1, B-0.13; The first fertilizer for fruit expanding-N-3, P₂O₅-3, K₂O-3, Mg-1; The second fertilizer for fruit. expanding-N-1.5, P₂O₅-1.5, K₂O-1.96(spray 0.46); Post-havest fertilizer-N-0.8, P₂O₅-O.8, K₂O-O.8; Winter top-dressing-about 1000 pig manure and 50 shell powder. 3. Find out the effect of the advanced fertilizing technique of grape protected cultivation by the long-term field experiments: (1)The characteristic of soil improved obviously: The soil nutrition become more balance than it was before and EC decreased significantly, and the soil acidification is alleviated as well (both at 5% significant level). (2)The quality of furit improved: The maturation period was 3-7 days ahead. The sugar acid ratio raised by 15% and the content of soluble solids raised by 1.2% on average. The content of Fe, B and Zn increased by 156%, 32% and 70% respectively on average. (3)The yield had increased by 23%. (4)The effect of fertilizer saving is obvious: 30% usage of N, 20% usage of P, 26% usage of K were saved, the general input of fertilizer decreased by 75%. (5)The economic benifit raised up to 82080 yuan/ nm².