Study On Soil Nutrient Status And Nutrient Movement Characteristics In High-yield Field

In recent years, tillage method of grain was extensive, and fertilizer application was unscientific in Hebei Province. These common phenomenons resulted in grain cost increase, resources waste, soil environment deteriorate and plant poor-growth, and became the main obstacles of high yield and income. In this thesis, the combination of field experiments and soil column leaching test were adopted to evaluate on soil nutrient status and nutrient movement characteristics in croping system of wheat and maize at Huanmadian village of Ningjin county. The results were as follows:1. Under the condition of soil alkali-hydrolyzadle N 94.80mg/kg, available P 19.40mg/kg, available K 72.90mg/kg, available Zn 2.56mg/kg, and available Mn 5.26mg/kg, NK treatment had the highest yield with 9821.00 kg/hm2 in 2008 maize reason. Applying N and K fertilizer could significantly increase maize yield by 9.8% and 4.1% , respectively, while the effects of P, Zn and Mn fertilizer on maize yield were not significant. In this reason, the supplying amounts of soil N, P, K, Zn and Mn were 157.15, 66.35, 120.04, 0.43 and 0.38 kg/hm2, respectively. In wheat reason, NPK treatment had the highest yielg by 7417.79 kg/hm2. Applying N fertilizer could significantly increase wheat yield by 34.83%, but the effects P, K, Zn and Mn were not significant. The supplying amounts of soil N, P, K, Zn and Mn were 63.51, 41.74, 61.13, 0.29 and 0.25 kg/hm2, respectively.2. The distribution of N and P in maize plant were grain> leaf> stem, that of Kwas stem > leaf> grain, and Mn was leaf > grain > stem. Most of Zn was accumulated in grain, little in leaf and stem. In wheat plant, most of N, P, Zn and Mn were accumulated in grain, while most of K was accumulated in stem.3. After 2008 maize reason, soil alkali-hydrolyzadle N, available P and available K were decreased by 10.60, 2.69 and 1.38mg/kg, respectively. After 2009 wheat reason, they were decreased by 6.44, 2.79 and 1.71 mg/kg, respectively. But the change ranges of available Zn and available Mn were little.4. N could leach to 100 cm depth in soil, P and K could leach to 30 cm depth. Leaching rate of N, P and K were 55.79‰~87.27‰, 3.76‰~9.22‰and 0.53‰~7.57‰, respectively. Applying N, P and K fertilizer could increase the acumulative leaching amounts of N, P and K by 165.75%, 3.19% and 18.83%, respectively. Weathered coal and putrid straw were both helpful for inhibiting the releasing and leaching of nutrients, the transformation of NH4+-N to NO3--N, as well as nutrient movement to deep soil layer.