Arthropod Diversity In Natural Bamboo Forests Of Phyllostachys Heterocycla And The Comparison Between Different Bamboos

Through systematic field observation and indoor biological testing, we researched the arthropod diversity of natural bamboo forests (Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubesens) in Hunan and Sichuan, compared the canopy arthropod composition and structure between different types of bamboo (new bamboo, on-year bamboo and off-year bamboo), and analyzed the main chemical components of bamboo leaves temporal variation and its effects on arthropods. The major findings are as follows:1. From April to November 2009, through the wild experimentation and farmers field visits from Piken Village Yanling Hunan and Jiulong Village Sichuan Changning, the result shwed the field Positioning System survey obtained 7096 individuals arthropod specimens from the canopy, 1756 individuals from the lower layer, The major pests of Yanling Hunan is Hippota dorsalis, Sichuan Changning is Oregma bambusicola,Aculus bambusae,Empoasca sp. and Aphrophora notabilis; In this two places the arthropods are primarily belong to Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Homoptera etc.. From the common species of arthropods of canopy and lower layer to see, Yanling Hunan has total of 147 kinds of common species, 84 species in Sichuan, Most of them are in order Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae and Homoptera in two places, most common species are herbivorous, followed by the predatory.2. Analysis and comparison of arthropod diversity in bamboo forests under different management shows that: the measures on the arthropod diversity of bamboo forests had significant effects, the number of the families and the species of bamboo forest arthropod of both protective management measures and high-intensity pure forest management significantly reduced, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and spiders reduced significantly mainly in Yanling Hunan; while in Sichuan Changning the Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, the purpose of families and species reduced; and the total species of canopy and lower layer under the operation and management measures also significantly reduced, so does the two inter-linkages between forest layers reduce;in Hunan Yanling the mainly manifested common species of Diptera reduced ; while in Sichuan Changning the mainly manifested was in Hymenoptera and Coleoptera; The majority of the reduced species are natural enemies or neutral species . As a whole,Purpose of this study the protective management practices conducive to the improvement of production of bamboo, bamboo is also conducive to pest control and arthropod diversity conservation。3.DuringMarch-October 2009, the diversity of arthropods on different types of bamboo in the on-off year are systematic investigated in Changning Sichuan, Fuzhou and Sanming Fujian, and the main chemical composition of three different types of bamboo leaves were measured. Systematic investigated got 9374 arthropod individuals in total, which belong to 3 classes, 18 orders, 147 families,234 species. The dominant species of off-year bamboo are Aculus bambusae, Shcizotetranychus nanjingensis and Schizotetranychus celarius; The dominant species are Aculus bambusae and Shcizotetranychus nanjingensis on new bamboo; The dominant species on on-year bamboo is Aculus bambusae. Canopy arthropods on different types of bamboo are mainly in Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, Homoptera and Diptera. The richness of Herbivorous species is the highest, but both species diversity and evenness index are lower. The common arthropod species on canopy among three types of bamboo have a total of 72 species, the number of species up to Araneae, followed by Hymenoptera, but the number of individuals up to Phytophagous species, followed by Predatory species. The number of endemic species on three types of bamboo are small, on-year bamboo endemic are Coleoptera, and Homoptera based;Off-year bamboo are Coleoptera and Hymenoptera dominated; New bamboo are Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Araneae based. Phytophagous functional groups have the highest number of families, species, individual numbers and diversity index of each functional group of the endemic species.4. Analysis on time pattern of arthropod on different types of bamboo canopy in the on-off year bamboo showed that: Arthropod diversity in various bamboo layer timing changes can be divided into two categories, off-year bamboo and new bamboo, there was a clear peak of the number of individual species and the dominant concentration index in May, diversity index and evenness index in May marked the emergence of a low point, in June and in October was higher; another on-year bamboo, and it changes with the first two types of bamboo the opposite. Analysis on the correlation between Canopy arthropod diversity and the main insect pest populations with main chemical composition of different types of bamboo leaves showed that: Arthropod richness of on-year bamboo and off-year bamboo were significantly positive correlated with Tannin content and water content of the leaves,the individual number of Phytophagous functional groups and Aculus bambusae on off-year bamboo were significantly positive correlated with polysaccharide content, the individual number of Kuwanaspis vermiformis on new bamboo is significantly negative correlated with Chlorophyll content .