Studies On The Extractive Technique Of Bee Pollen Polysaccharide And Its Application In Calves

In this paper, the extraction technology of polysaccharides from water lily bee pollen was investigated, and the extraction procedures were optimized. Furthermore, the effect of water lily bee pollen and its polysaccharide on growth performance of 14 to 70-day-old calves was examined. The outcome of this study was expected to aid the development and large-scale application of bee pollen and its polysaccharides.To study the influences of different conditions including extraction duration, ratios of material to liquid and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of pollen polysaccharides from water lily, a 4×3 orthogonal trial based on the single-factor experiment was carried out to find out the optimal extraction conditions. The concentration of polysaccharides was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The results showed that extraction duration exerted the greatest influence on the polysaccharide extraction rate, followed by the ratio of material to liquid and extraction temperature. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of powder to water was 1:10; the extraction temperature was 50℃; the extraction duration was 3 h. The extraction rate of pollen polysaccharides from water lily reached 99% after extracted twice. The extracted polysaccharide from bee pollen of water lily was mainly composed of arabinose, followed by galactose and glucose, and the three monosaccharides accounted for more than 90% of the total carbohydrates in bee pollen.In the animal trial, 25 newborn Holstein calves were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 5 calves each. The 5 treatments included a control diet supplemented with 0, 10 (10BP), 25 (25BP), 50 g (50BP) bee pollen or 5 g (5ps) bee pollen polysaccharides of water lily/d. The trial lasted 56 days, and the apparent digestibility of nutrients was determined during two periods (21-28 d, and 42-49 d) by rectal collection of feces. The results showed that dietary bee pollen and polysaccharides increased average daily gains (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (F/G) in calves, 5PS and 25BP group effected significantly (P < 0.05); In body measurements 10BP and 25BP group changed more in wither hight and chest circumference than the group C at 70d old calves (P < 0.05). 10BP group had higher chest depth at 70d than the group C, and the others had slightly higher than group C. Each treatment in body steep length,hip width,muscle circumference and circumference cannon bone was slightly higher than the control one. The apparent digestibility of DM in 21to 28-d-old calves was increased by 8.38 and 7.66% in 25BP and 5PS groups, respectively, compared with that in C group(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the apparent digestibility of crude protein was increased by 18.63% in 25BP group. Adding bee pollen or polysaccharide in calves's diets significantly reduced blood triglyceride levels, decreased cholesterol and urea nitrogen not significantly, and increased blood protein and albumin levels slightly. In conclusion, adding bee pollen or bee pollen polysaccharides of water lily in calves'diets promoted growth performance, and significantly reduced the blood triglyceride levels. Bee pollen added at 25 g/d and polysaccharides at 5 g/d were optimal to growth performance and nutrient digestion in calves.