Primary Study In Vitro Culture Of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.)

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most famous fruits in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and have important social value and economic value. In the field of mango breeding, we had made different levels of study and attained a lot of achievements in artificial hybrid breeding and mutation breeding. Instead of mango tissue culture research, however, is quite weak to establish a reliable and efficient plant regeneration system of mango,it has very important significance.We had used different varieties of mango'anther and immature embryo as explant for callus induction,included Tainong,Chiin Hwang,Guifei,Neelum,Taiya,Aroenanis and Nam dok mai. We had selected the better medium formulations for anther and young embryo callus induction when callus inducted from different medium formulations, otherwise,we had studied the proliferation and plantlet regeneration of young embryo callus, and the characteristics of SOD and POD activity, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of the callus of different varieties and treatment. The results of the study are as follows:(1) The bud which suitable for callus induction that the length:2.80-3.30mm; diameter: 2.18-2.56 mm, calyces don't open; the Color of petals is green to light yellow.(2) The medium formulas which easier to induce anther callus are:MS+Glu 400 mg/L +2,4-D 1 mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L and MS+Glu 400 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L+6-BA 5mg/L.(3) Ascorbic acid (VC) (0.1 g/L) can prevent browning better than AC and PVP in anther callus induction of mango, compare to use AC and PVP, the rate of browning is only 78.5%, reduced 11.74 and 15.9 percent.(4) The medium formulas for immature embryo callus induction for monoembryonic mango which were selected:B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 5mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L; B5+Glu400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D lmg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 5mg/L.(5) The medium formulas for immature embryo callus induction for polyembryonic mango which were selected:B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC100mg/L+2,4-D 1.0mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 1.0mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 1.Omg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L; B5+Glu400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L +6-BA 0.5mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 5mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L; B5+Glu 400mg/L+VC 100mg/L+2,4-D 1mg/L.(6) In the 23 immature embryo callus induction medium, the effect of induction of the mango of "Tainong" and "Guifei" were the worst. (7) Compare to the monoembryonic mango, general speaking, polyembryonic mango has higher rate of callus induction, the highest callus induction rate of polyembryonic mango 'Aroenanis'was 75%, and the highest callus induction rate of monoembryonic mango 'Neelum'was 83.3%.(8) The rate of callus induction of immature embryo which inoculated in Mar. and Apr. 2009 were higher than the rate of callus induction of immature embryo which inoculated in Dec.2008 and Jan.2009(9) The regeneration plants of'Taiya''Chiin Hwang''Guifei'were all developmented form somatic embryos,'Taiya'mango which dealt with NO.23 treatment that had the highest rate of shoots differentiation, up to 6.3%.(10) During callus culturing, SOD and POD activity, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were all showed a certain degree of regularity of changes, the trend of change in SOD activity showed decreases first and then increases, the trend of change in POD activity as same as SOD activity's, but there are some of the POD activity in dealing with the opposite trend; soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were all expressed up first and then down.