Study On Utilization Of Cottonseed Meal And Canola Meal For The Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei

The studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal with cottonseed meal, canola meal and mixture of cottonseed meal and canola meal on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non-specific immune response for the Pacific white shrimp. The results can be briefly summarized as follows:1. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of cottonseed meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.80g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (440g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (CM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(CM8, CM16, CM24, CM32, CM40)comprised either 34.2,68.4,102.6,136.8or171.0 g kg?1 of the cottonseed meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in a basal (practical) diet. In general, growth, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet .Increasing replacement level of fish meal protein by cottonseed meal up to 24%, the protein efficiency ratio and phosphorus content in whole body and muscle were significant decreased (P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the protein and lipid of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal was higher than all other diets. It is concluded that cottonseed meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal protein of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.2. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of canola meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.62g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (420g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (RM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(RM8,RM16, RM24, RM32, RM40)comprised either 38.6,77.2,115.8,154.4or193.0g kg?1 of the canola meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in RM0. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively, exhibited significant reductions in growth and feed intake relative to those fed RM0. The groups of shrimp fed 39.9g kg?1 of canola meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet but was not statistically significant.(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the dry matter,protein and lipid of RM0 significantly higher than the other diets. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively exhibited significant reductions the lipid content in hepatopancreas and significant increase the ash content in whole body relative to those fed the basal diet. In general, percentage survival was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Water stability of the diet pellets was negatively correlated with their levels of canola meal. It is concluded that canola meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.3. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of a mixture of Canola meal and Cottonseed meal (1:1 on a crude protein basis, RM-CM) with and without supplemental amino acids for Litopenaeus vannamei.The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.66g shrimp were each fed one of seven isonitrogenous(430g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (A0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Substitution diets were formulated by replacing 10,20,30% of the fish meal in the A0 with RM-CM and then supplementing with Met, Lys and Thr respectively as needed to maintain concentrations of Met,Lys and Thr equal to those in the A0. In general, growth, protein utilization, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed A0 showed a slight raise in apparent dry matter, protein and lipid digestibility compared to shrimp fed others diet but was not statistically significant. The superoxide dismutas, glutahione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases activities in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed CD was significantly higher than all other diets. It is concluded that RM-CM can replace of 30% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake and protein utilization.