Influence Of Different Quality Fish Meal To Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei

This thesis had separately studied the utilization of differently fresh and processed fish meals and fish by-product meal (produced from the fishery by-product) by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei); illuminated the influence of the difference from fish meal quality (different fish meal quality) on growth, digestion, immunity and chemical composition in Pacific white shrimp; discussed which factors caused this influence from different fish meal quality and how to deal with them; and discussed, too, the prospect of fish by-product meal, a gradually matured product. The brief descriptions of three experiments as below:1. This test was conducted to study the utilization of different freshness fish meal by Pacific white shrimp for analyzing influence on growth, digestion and immunity. The fish meal was produced at laboratory condition: put the raw material fish (Ilisha elongate Bennett) in the open air to received the effect of itself enzymolysis, microbion and oxidation; and controlled the action time(0 h,18 h,36 h,54 h,72 h,90 h); then used the handled raw material to produce fish meal under generally steam fish meal practised method (heating (under 90℃), pressing, separation of the liquid into oil and water, drying of the solid material(under 85℃) and grinding the dried material); at last, added antioxidation (BHT 0.5 %) and reserved in freezer (-20℃) to prevent ad libitum deterioration. Corresponded to the handled fish meal, 6 treatments were set: FM1, FM2, FM3, FM4, FM5 and FM6. Every treatment had three replicates, each of which was randomly assigned forty juvenile shrimps (initial weight: 0.35±0.00 g). The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. In WGR, FCR, FMW and SGR, the fresh fish meal group (FM1 and FM2) and the stale fish meal group (FM6) had significant difference with others five group (P>0.05). The varied tendency of the results of every group's feed utilization (excepting PER and crude protein apparent digestibility of FM3) was as growth indexes. And the trypsin-like enzyme, total antioxidation capability (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamic-oxal (o) acetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) expressed same tendency as growth too. But the chemical composition of shrimp body and trail muscle had no clear tendency in all groups. So, we can get the conclusion is the fish meal freshness could have significant effect on growth, digestion and immunity in Pacific white shrimp. But it was not strict linear variation. The medium groups varied torpidly; and the amphi-groups varied severely. The experiment also indicated that poly- indexes may more precisely to describe the freshness of fish meal.2. This experiment was conducted to study the utilization of the replacement of Peru steam fish meal (PSM) with fish by-product meal (FBM, the raw material from fishery product procession, CP 59 % dry matter, Ash 26 % dry matter) by Pacific white shrimp for analyzing influence on growth, digestion, chemical composition and fish original calcium & phosphorus utilized. 7 isonitrogenous and isolipidic basis diets (CP:44 % dry diet,EE:8 %dry diet) were arranged on whether added 1 % Ca (H2PO4)2 or the different replaced quantity: Inorganic control, S0, S20, S40, S60, S80 and S100. Every treatment had three replicates, each of which was randomly assigned forty juvenile shrimps (initial weight: 0.35±0.00 g). The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. In WGR, FCR, FTW, FMW and FCR, S0-S100 six replacement PSM groups had significant difference to inorganic control (P>0.05); S0 was higher, significantly, than S20-S100 (P>0.05). S20, S40 and S60 three groups were similar with each other (P>0.05); then S100, however, was better than S80 (P<0.05). Every group's crude protein apparent digestibility and trypsin-like enzyme results varied tendency was as growth. Between them, the inorganic control was the best one (P<0.05). Other groups'effect (excepting S80 and S100) had a linear (not stick) relationship with the replaced quantity of PSM. The worst one was S80, not S100. But the chemical composition of shrimp body and trail muscle had no clear tendency in all groups. So, we can get the conclusion is the protein quality of fish by-product meal was worse than Peru steam fish meal. The bulk fish original calcium & phosphorus could not direct utilized by Pacific white shrimp. But fish by-product meal was also a potential high-quality protein resource in replacement of general fish meal. Its many nutrient characters were similar as general fish meal. S20, S40 and S60 similar growth performance expressed that if the protein quality and phosphorus utilizable of fish by-product meal could be modified, it could, wholly, replace bulk fish meal in the feed of Pacific white shrimp.3. The last test was conducted to study the utilization of four fish meals and their simple combination (1:1, protein ratio) by Pacific white shrimp for analyzing their utilized ability and feature. Four fish meal was used, standard steam (SD) fish meal from Chile,fair average quality flame dried (F.A.Q.) fish meal from Peru,internal semi-skimmed (SS) fish meal and internal fish by-product meal (FBM). Eight treatments were set, four single-groups (SD,F.A.Q.,SS and FBM) and four combined groups (SD:F.A.Q.(1:1),SD:SS(1:1),SD:F.A.Q.:SS (1:1:1) and SD:FBM (1:1)). Every treatment had three replicates, each of which was randomly assigned forty juvenile shrimps (initial weight: 0.6±0.00 g). The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. In WGR,FCR and other growth indexes, the pre three treatments (SD,F.A.Q. and SS) has not significant difference (P>0.05). Yet, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for crude protein of the SS group was a significant large one in the front three treatments (P<0.05). The SD: FBM group, in growth indexes and the crude protein ADC, was significantly worse than SD group (P<0.05). But other combined groups, in growth indexes or body and tail muscle ingredients, has not significant difference with the relevant single-groups (P>0.05). So, we can get the conclusion is the internal SS,SD(Chile)and F.A.Q(.Peru)fish meal can be used ,singly, in the Pacific white shrimp compound feed. The fish meals combined can make nutrient's complementation. But there need more in-depth research to explain why the few combined groups' grow indexes was to decline. The FBM meal, when used in aquafeed, need to be considered its advantages and disadvantages.