The Effects Of Organic Nutrients On Growth And Development As Well As Qualities Of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

Yunyan 87 were used as materials from Sanmenxia flue-cured tobacco growing-areas in Henan province to analyze the effects of organic nutrition on soil enzyme activities, tobacco growing development as well as quality, and the main conclusions were as follows:1. The main effects of organic nutrients on soil soil enzyme activitiesAppropriate application of straw, dairy manure and chicken manure could obviously improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, and also improve the activity of urease and catalase of soil. The activity of uresse was highest in rosette stage; the trend presented T1(CK)< T2(straw)D2>D3(CK), and D3(0.0962 mg/(g·d)) was lowest till the harvest stage. The soil catalase activity of D1, D2 was higher than D3 from flourishing to maturity period, and was slowly decreased in the late growth stage. The soil catalase activity showed D1>D2>D3 in fast growing period, and had lowest activity in maturing stage.2. The effects of organic nutrition on growth and development of flue-curd tobaccoOrganic nutrients could promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and also improve the leaf epidermal structures. T4 and D1 were optimal. Using organic fertilizer and soymilk irrigation could improve the plant height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width and effective leaves of flue-cured tobacco. With the extending of growth period, the economical character of each organic fertilizer treatments was increased, and achieved maximum value in maturing stage. The index of T4 was higher than other treatments. The plant height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width and effective leaves of flue-cured tobacco of the D1, D2 were higher than D3 by using soymilk irrigation.Organic nutrition could promote the accumulation of dry matter of flue-cured tobacco, and was gradually increased in root system, stem and leaf blade by using organic fertilizer and soymilk irrigation with the extending of growth period. Dry matter achieved maximum value in maturing stage, and the rate and total accumulation for T4 and T3 were highest. The accumulation of dry matter in roots and stems were mainly concentrated in 45d~60d after tobacco transplanting, but the leaf were concentrated in 30d~45d. The accumulation of N, P, K were increased by different treatments with the extending of growth period, and were mainly concentrated in 30d~60d after tobacco transplanting, of which T4 and D1 were highest. The rate of accumulation was highest after 45d by transplanting; T4 and D1 were higher than the other treatments.3 The effects of organic nutrition on flue-curd tobacco qualityOrganic nutrition had significant influence on the physical property of flue-cured tobacco. Leaf specific weight, pull, leaf fill, leaf thickness, moisture content, leaf length and leaf width of tobacco in the upper leaves, middle leaves and lower leaves by T4 and D1 treatments were significant higher than the other treatments by using organic fertilizer and soymilk irrigation. The comparison physical properties by the same treatment in different stalk positions of flue-cured tobacco showed significant difference in leaf specific weight, pull, leaf fill, leaf length and leaf width.The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, chlorine and petroleum ether extract under T4 treatment by using organic fertilizer in different stalk positions were higher than the other treatments, and had significant difference in each treatment. The application of soymilk irrigation improved total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and petroleum ether extract content and reduced the total nitrogen, nicotine content of B2F, C3F, X2F, but little effects on chlorine. Total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium content and petroleum ether extracts in C3F were higher than other parts of by the same treatment. The contents of total nitrogen, nicotine were highest in B2F. There had no significant difference of chlorine between B2F, C3F and X2F.Organic nutrition had improved the content of aroma constituents in middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco. The content of neophytadiene was increased by T4, while the contents of maillard reaction products, aromatic amino and carotenoid substances were increased by T2. Total aroma components had the trend of T4 (931.22μg/g)>T3 (776.68μg/g)>T2 (755.40μg/g)> T1 (643.87μg /g). Soymilk irrigation had improved the content of maillard reaction products, products degraded by cembrane and neophytadiene in middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco, and the total aroma constituents had the trend of D1(932.35μg/g) > D2(838.81μg/g) >D3(789.58μg/g).