Secondary Metabolites From Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens And Nephralepis Exaltata And Their Antimicrobial Roles

Flowering plants have various volatile and nonvolatile compounds, and they have different roles in cleaning air, improving indoor environment and inhibiting microbes thereby. In order to discover the antimicrobial roles of two flowers, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens and Nephralepis exaltata cu. Bastaniensis, the components and contents of the extracts and volatile compounds of them were determined, and both the extracts and pure monomers were used to assay for antimicrobial function.1. Using GC-MS,18 compounds from C. lutescens were determined, of which alkanes and esters accounted for 13.27% and 7.11%, respectively, and 11 compounds from N. exaltata cu. Bastaniensis, of which alkanes and alcohols accounted for 62.87% and 13.74%, respectively.2. All 4 extracts, extracted with 4 different solvents, of C. lutescens could inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus, Brevibacterium and Bacillus pumilus, but couldn't for Actinomycete, Planococcus and Psychrobacter pulmonis. Ethanol extract had the best inhibitory effect, followed by acetone extract, fresh juice and water extract. Both acetone extract and ethanol extracts of N. exaltata cu. Bastaniensis didn't inhibit the growth of Bacillus licheniformis, Planococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus, Psychrobacter pulmonis and Bacillus pumilus, but did for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus, Actinomycete and Brevibacterium. The inhibitory effect of acetone extract is better than that of ethanol extracts.3. Ten microbes were use to test the antimicrobial roles of four monomers (benzoic acid, diacetone alcohol, oleyl alcohol and peanut acid) comprising the extracts. All of the four monomers had no inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psychrobacter pulmonis, and diacetone alcohol and oleyl alcohol on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus, benzoic acid and peanut acid don't inhibit Actinomycetes and Planococcus. Of the four compounds, benzoic acid had the widest inhibitory spectrum (5 species), followed by diacetone alcohol (3 species), oleyl alcohol (2 species) and peanut acid (2 species).4. There were 15 volatile organic compounds determined from C. lutescens, including 5 terpenes (4.92% of the total),2 alkanes (38.95% of the total),3 alcohols and,1 alkynes (accounted for 46.81% of total),1 esters,1 ketones.32 volatile organic compounds were determined from N. exaltata cu. Bastaniensis, including 5 terpenes (accounting for 1.26% of total),12 alkyl derivatives (53.07% of the total),2 alcohols (4.56% of the total),2 esters and 1 acids.5. All of the 6 volatile organic monomers (AZULENE,α-pinene, cineole, camphene,β-pinene and ocimene) for test had inhibitory effects against the 10 microbes, expect for AZULENE against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Psychrobacter pulmonis.α-pinene, cineole, camphene,β-pinene and ocimene could inhibit 7,5,3,3,4 species of the 10 microbes, respectively, with a 100% inhibitory rate.In conlusion,α-pinene has the strongest antibacterial function, whereas AZULENE the poorest. Staphylococcus is the most sensitive bacterium to volatile monomers, while Psychrobacter pulmonis the most insensitive one. The inhibitory rate of the lowest testing dose ofα-pinene, cineole, camphene,β-pinene and ocimene to Staphylococcus were all above 21.95%. The six volatile monomers with lower concentration than 0.25μL/mL have no inhibitory effect on Psychrobacter pulmonis.