The Capacity Of Consolidate Soil And Maintain Water On The Near-surface In Different Communities In Mountains South Of Henan

Various plants have the role of the retention of soil. The study objectives are 50 typical sample sites with different communities at Zhumadian in mountains south of Henan, The investigation based on the sample sites is the soil and water conservation capacity that is near and above the ground surface. In terms of to prevent soil erosion, delay surface runoff,the biomass, the litter, the roots and the soil permeability in these areas as being more influential. So, the test main research the grass, the litter, the roots and soil permeability and so on. The results showed that:(1)The biomass showed that as the age increases, the canopy density increases, the biomass decline. The biomass connected with the canopy density, the forest density, and so on.The grass can storing 0.04mm ~ 0.83mm of rainfall. The storing capacity of the grass's composite trend is: Grass> Shrub> Coniferous forest> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest > Broad-leaved forest; the storing capacity of the grass with different communities at different stages of the order is: Grass> Shrub> Coniferous forest (45a)> Coniferous forest (20a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (50a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (30a)> Broad-leaved forest (30a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (20a)≈Broad-leaved forest (10a)> Broad-leaved forest (20a ). The biomass and its water holding capacity have a positive correlation, and the correlation is a highly significant correlation.(2)Litter can be storing water depth of 0.45 ~ 1.30mm, the water storage capacity is up to 2 times its own weight. The maximum water-holding capacity of the litter for the comprehensive trend is: Shrub>Broad-leaved forest>Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest >Coniferous forest; The maximum water-holding capacity of the litter with different communities at different stages of the order is: Grass> Broad-leaved forest (20a)> Broad-leaved forest (30a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (30a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (20a)> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (50a)>Coniferous forest (20a)> Broad-leaved forest (10a)> Coniferous forest ( 45a). The water-holding capacity of the litter is connected with the litter biomass, the forest age, coverage and other factors.(3)Between the root index generally showed that along with the soil depth increased decreased tendency. The roots index have shown a strong correlation. The correlation between the average of root diameter and root biomass, root length density and root surface area density, root biomass and root volume density, root length density and root volume density and root surface area density and root volume density are highly significant level, the correlation between the root length density and root surface area density is the largest (r = 0.958); The correlation between the root average diameter and root length density is significant (r =- 0.358).(4)The cumulative length and surface area of the root system, are important determinants of root absorption area, the bigger the ratio of the thin root(d<1mm)is, the bigger the cumulative length and surface area of the root system are. The length and surface area of the thin root is the main part of the total length and surface area, but the root volume of the root system whose diameter is more than 1mm is the main body of the total volume. The root system of big diameter makes up a great deal of the total volume, especially the arbor.(5)At the surface layer of every component in this test zone, the steady soil permeability shows a trend that it descends with the increase of the depth of the soil. The comprehensive trend of the steady soil permeability is that, Grass>Board-leaved forest>Shrub> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest>Coniferous forest. The trend of steady soil permeability in these components is similar. Soil permeability is influenced by the biomass of the forest litter, thickness of the humus layer, and soil hardness. The correlation between the steady soil permeability and thickness of the humus layer is very conspicuous, and the correlation coefficient r is 0.924. The correlation between the steady soil permeability and biomass of the forest litter is conspicuous, and the correlation coefficient r is 0.686.(6)The difference of soil hardness in different communities is comparatively obvious, the comprehensive trend of the soil hardness is that, Coniferous forest> Shrub> Board-leaved forest> Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest> Grass. The soil hardness in different communities is increasing with the increase of the depth of the soil. The soil hardness and the density of surface area in the root assume negative correlation, with the increase of soil hardness, the surface area of the root is declining, and the permeability is decreasing.(7)The surface layer shows a great potential in preserving both moisture and soil, increasing soil resistance to erosion, postponing the runoff, and so on. In the mountains south of Henan, it is appropriate to popularize planting Shrub and Broad-leaved species, at the same time, developing some Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest, to fulfill the sustainable development of forest and water source.