| African ostrich (Struthio camelus) belong to Aves, Ratitae, Struththioniforme, Struthionidae, Struthio, Struthio camelus and are the largest and strongest of living birds。African ostrich have rapidly generalizd from 1980s because of superordinary their performance trait. Immune organ,which can participate in the organism immune reaction on one hand and on the other hand can phagocytize the bacterium and extraneous material by filtration, are the important Guarding system in the animals. While, Immune organ can continuously produce homeocyte which is the formed element in the blood. So it is also a hematopoietic organ. African ostrich lymphoid organs mainly include the thymus, spleen, bursa and so on. They are composed of lymphoid tissue based on reticular connective tissue. Thymus is the primary lymphoid organ which can produce various specific T lymphocytes related with cell-mediated immunity activities. And thymus plays a central role in the cell-mediated immunity. Spleen is the peripheral lymphoid organs which appears lately during the embryonic development. Spleen that participates in the immune response, is the haematopoiesised, filtered, eliminated, stored blood organ. Bursa of Fabricius is the unique immune organs of poultry and has a crucial role in the early immune system established. Bursa gradually degraded in 16～18-month-old of ostrich and can not easy to find after sexual maturity.In order to study the structure and location of the immune organ of Africa ostrich, the thymus, spleen, bursa were observed by gross appearance.The thymus of Africa ostrich was located in amph- part of cerv posterior, like flap of legume, little quantity, conglobation, sublobe unconspicuously which is connected by the connective tissue.The spleen of Africa ostrich was located in the Wedge shape place constituted of right kidney, vena caudalis and chewing stomach.; ellipse, dark red.The bursa of Africa ostrich was located on the dorsal wall of cloaca, elevated, round and mucosa is granular surface texture, color white.Intracavitary evident folds can find.To study the histological structure of the thymus, spleen, bursa of Africa ostrich and to provid theory for studying physiologic function, immune function, preservation and therapy of disease, the experiment applied routine paraffin section and H.E staining method.Then the histological structure observed under optical microscope. The Thymus of Africa ostrich is covered by a capsule comeing into the substance which are not completely separate into a number of thymic lobules.Each lobule is divided into the around cortex and the central medulla. thymic corpuscles are in the medulla. Thymic corpuscles are round or oval-shaped, concentric circles were shaped by the multi-storey flat with the surrounding epithelial reticular cells. The spleen of Africa ostrich is covered by a capule .The connective tissue of spleen capule comes into the substance becoming trabecula, which is underdeveloped. White pulp consists of the periarterial lymphatic sheath ,and there are splenic nodules occasionally,but no germinal center is observed. The bulk of ellipsoid is small, but the number of it is plenty. There is obvious demarcation line which is composed of acidophilic matter between the ellipsoids and the peripheral lymphatic tissue. Red pulp consisting of splenic cord and splenic sinusoid interpenetrates to white pulp. lntracavitary bursal folds developed, with close, granular surface texture, color white. With four-wall structure (mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa. Submucosa of connective tissue deep within the folds formed trabeculae, single dependent trabecular lymphoid nodules, protruding in the formation of nodular cysts.;Stratified epithelium to columnar epithelium, transitional to the lymph nodules, to single-cell coat, cell-flat or cube-shaped. |
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