A Study On The Risk Factors Of Essential Hypertension In Chongqing Urban Population

To explore the risk factors of essential hypertension (EH) in Chongqing urban population, especially the influence of life style on blood pressure, and to study the relationship between polymorphism of angiotensinogen(AGT) and EH. In October 2000 and from January 2002 to may 2002 ,177 males aged 45~55 years old from some Chongqing factory , 250 outpatients from the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing university of medical sciences and physical examinees from staff's hospital of Chongqing university , whose ages ranging between 45 and 65 years were questioned and measured by trained investigator .The distribution of the frequency of the M235T polymorphism of AGT was explored with PCR-RFLP techniques.Results:(1) 20.34% of 177 males had hypertension, 16.67% had hypercholesterolemia .The mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was higher than that in Guiyang and Guangzhou, close to that in Shijiazhuang(Located in northern china). (2)42.62% of subjects were overweight (body mass index 25kg/m2 ), and their SBP, DBP, TC, TC/HDL ratio had significantly higher than the normal population. Single and multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that overweight was the independent risk factor for the prevalence of hypertension (HT). (3) Subjects with the highest educational level had the lowest prevalence of HT (11.63%). The mean SBP and DBP in subjects with below junior education were 9 mmHg and 10 mmHg (p<0.05) higher respectively than that in the subjects with above senior education. It suggested that education plays an important role in public health for the control of blood pressure. (4) More than half of people seldom took part in physical exercises. Being employed prevented the subjects from proper exercises. (5) 24 hours urinary sodium(Na)excretion showed a weak positive correlation with blood pressure(r=0.23/ 0.22, p<0.05 )in 177 males .The correlation of 24 hours potassium (k) excretion and BP could not be showed. 24 hours Na and k excretion of the case groups had weakly positive and negative correlation with SBP (r=0.25, r=-0.32, p<0.05) respectively in outpatients. The percent of Na/k ration higher than recommendation (ratio<3) is 88.59%, which suggested inappropriate dietary among Chongqing local people, possibly of high salt intake (6) Although there was no statistic relation between smoking,drinking and HT, regular alcohol drinkers (3~6 or more drinks/week) had SBP on average 6mmHg higher than non-drinkers. (7).52 subjects with hypertension and 73 with normotension were tested. The frequency of TT genotype in EH cases was higher than that in controls (55.77% vs 31.51%). The odds ratio (OR) was 2.7. Comparing with MM genotype, with the increase of allele T, the risk of EH also increased (P<0.001). It indicated that TT genotype is the susceptible genotype of EH in Chongqing population.Suggestion: (1). Heath education should be strengthened to raise people's self-care awareness. (2). Dietary should be balanced with salt-limiting, more bean food and fish plus sufficient vegetables and fruits. (3). Healthy life style should be promoted including such regular physical exercises: walk, paly Taiji and body-building exercises, balanced mental state and healthy life of no smoking and limited drinking. (4). Regular physical examination and timely medicine administration.