| The fibrinolytic system is not only involved in the intravascular issolution of fibrin (thrombi), it also plays a vital role in normal physiologic reproduction, wound repair, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Fibrinolysis is also a vital component in the pathogenesis of neoplastic disease. It is essential in releasing cells from their primary site of origin, providing nutrition for neoplastic cell growth and promoting cell mobility and motility.The high prevalence of hypercoagulative states in cancer patients has been known for more than a century. Venous thrombosis in gastric cancer was described by Trousseau in 1865. In 1878, Billroth observed intravascular thrombus formation in association with metastasis. Thrombohemorrhagic complications regularly occur in patients with disseminated malignancy and are related to an increase in fibrinogen and fibrin turnover. During the past decade, clinicians have witnessed considerable advances in the understanding of flbrinolysis. Initially centered on the role as part of a dynamic, hemostaticbalance, research began to unravel the pathophysiological contribution offibrinolysis to tumor progression. The mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis formation in cancer are of critical importance, since metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and death._It has been suggested that cell-associated proteolytic enzymes contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Fibrinolytic mechanisms are involved in a number of physiological processes in which tissue degradation and remodeling occurs.Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-l) are the major compents in fibrinolytic system.. D-dimer is a specific degradation product of stable fibrin induced by plasmin. Experimental data suggest a role for the fibrinolysis system in tumor development, progression and metastasis. During activation of the fibrinolytic system plasminogen is converted to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), t-PA is predominantly released from endothelial cells. The activation 'of plasminogen is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAl-l),.In neoplastic cells the degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins is facilitated by excessive expression of u-PA and t-PA. Progressively aggressive neoplastic cells are characterized with a high expression of PAI-l antigen and enhanced PAI-1 and PAI-2 activities. Variable expressionof t-PA, for example, in acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, poor outcome correlates with high t-PA levels.Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) is a heterogeneous group of diseases with complex histopathology, etiology, and pathogenesis. Previous studies on patients with lymphoma has revealed that , basically, these patients are characterized with activation of coagulation accompanied by a defective flbrinolysis, and also thrombembolism have been described in association with lymphoma. The interaction between malignant cell growth and the coagulation and flbrinolysis system has been a well known phenomenon for decades. Despite this knowledge, information on flbrinolysis system in NHL to date is limited. In our study .we detect the plasma levels of t-PA -. PAI-1 and D-dimer determined by standardized, quality-assured Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay , intending lo find out the correlation of flbrinolysis behavior with clinical pathology parameters sfleh as clinical stage, pathological type, tumor aggressiveness and patient's outcome, et al.Objective: To study the level of plasma tissue-type PA(t-PA).PAI-1 and D-dimer in patients of lymphoma and to evaluate the correlation of flbrinolysis behavior with clinical pathology parameters such as clinical stage,pathology type, tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.Methods: Plasma levels of PAI-1 , t-PA and D-dimer were determined by standardized, quality-assured Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.Results: Plasma PAI-l and t-PA antigens were significantly augmented in patients group in contrast with co...
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