Studies On Exquisition And Biological Effects Of Components From Three Species Of Medicinal And Edible Fungi

The study objectives selected in this thesis were three species of Basidiomycetes: A. aegerita,Glucidium and P.igniarius. The different measures were taken to study them according to their own functions and market requirements. A.aegerita is well known for its delicacy and is becoming favorite food of people. The culture and breeding technique of A.aegerita is more intensive now. But the report about biological effects of A.aegerita are quite scarce. Our study on protective effect of A.aegerita constituents against the acute hepatic injury and oxidation expands the application of A.aegerita, and becomes the prime basis of new product "Jie'ergantai". G .lucidium has become valueable Chinese tradiational medicine since ancient times and was taken as wonderful Chinese herb in view of its wide cure effects. Our study on radioprotective health care effect of Glucidium polysaccharide compounds is the prime basis of new product "Qingfuning". Whereas P.igniarius is presently very popular in Japan and Korea and is considered the best fungus for curing cancers. But the natural resources of P.igniarius are so deficient as to limit its application. For these reasons, we made studies on reciprocal submerged fermentation between P.igniarius and tripterygium wilfordill. This thesis includes two chapters consisting of five parts as follows:[1] Protective effects of Agrocybe aegerita on acute hepatic injury induced by CCl₄ in miceThe protective effects on acute liver injury induced by CCl₄ in mice were researched by using the extractions of Agrocybe aegerita. The results showed that the middle and low dose group had significant difference in decreasing the level of ALT and AST in serum compared with model group. The result of hepato-histopathologic examination proved that in extraction groups, the liver cell degeneration and the injury focus reduced, the degree of cytoplasm condensation and coagulation necrosis relieved significantly. The content of MDA in liver and serum was lower but SOD was higher in extraction groups than in model group,which manifested that the free radical injury was inhibited in liver. In a conclusion , the extraction of Agrocybe aegerita had effectivelyprotective effects on the acute chemical liver injury induced by CCU in mice.[2] Study on Isolation, Purification and Liver Injury Protecting Effect, of thePolysaccharides from A.aegeritaThe rough polysaccharides were extracted with hot water from Agrocybe aegerita fruit powder. Two polysaccharides P I ang P II were isolated by deproteintion and ethanol precipitation. P I ang PII were further purified with SephadexG-200 column chromatography, and their molecular weight was 427.806 and 12.690 thousand respectively, which was shown to be single substance by cellulose acetate film electrophoresis and SephadexG-200 column chromatography. It was showed that the rough polysaccharides and flavonoid had protective effect on acute liver damage induced by CCLtin mice [3] Effects of Agrocybe aegerita constituents on free radical and lipid peroxidation in vitroThe effects of A.aegerita on anti-oxidation in vitro were studied. Superoxide anion free radical was scavenged by A.aegerita, of which the water extract were the best, but its effect was still weaker than ascorbic acid. Hydroxyl free radical was scavenged by A.aegerita, of which the effects of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts and rude polysaccharide were stronger than mannitol. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited by A.aegerita, of which the rude polysaccharide was the best, and its effect was stronger than mannitol. The results suggested that A.aegerita, as an effective source of antioxidant, is worth exploiting and utilizing.Attachment: Study on Radioprotective Health Care Effect of Ganoderma Lucidium Polysaccharide CompoundsTo study the radioprotective health care effect of Glucidium polysaccharide compounds, we extracted the polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Glucidiumjoined proportionally the bovine colostrum into this polysaccharide and made into this dosage, we carried out the radioprotective study by taking the radiated mice as model animal. The results showed that on the third day after radiation with 4Gy ^Co , the white blood cell numbers of the test group improved significantly comprared with model group(P < 0.01). On the 14th day after radiation, the SOD activity improved by 13.68%, and there was significant difference(P < 0.05). The positive indexes above indicated that Ganoderma lucidium polysaccharide compounds have radioprotective health care effect [4] Investigation on Optimal Submerged-Culture Condition of Phellinus IgniariusBy taking the mycelial biomass as major evaluation index , the effects of nutritional factors of various carbon and nitrogen sources and the optimal submerged culture conditions ,such as the inoculation rate , the medium capacity , the initial pH and the rotation rate on the mycelial growth of Phellinus igniarius were investigated. The experimental results showed that optimized conditions for submerged-culture was as follows: the inoculation rate 10%, the medium capacity for spawn medium 40 % and the medium capacity in mass production 20% , the initial pH natural, the rotation rate 150r/min and the submerged time 14d. While the mycelial biomass, the contents of intracellular polysaccharide and the extracellular polysaccharide reached their peaks of 1.62g/100mL ,26.1 % and 15.6% after being cultured for 14d, 12d and 14d respectively. [5] Study on Reciprocal Actions Between Phellinus igniarius and Tripterygium Wilfordill during Submerged-FermentationTo study a new submerged fermentation of Phellinus igniarius combined with tripterygium wilfordill. The results showed that the medium plus tripterygium wilfordill could promote the growth of P. igniarius mycelium, comparing with the common medium,the maximum mycelium yield improved by 14. 7%. Tripterygium wilfordill could also improve the productuon of intercellular polysaccharide and saponin. However, the same ingredents of tripterygium wilfordill decreased because of the mycelium synthesis requirements, which was probably a new means of reducing the toxicity of tripterygium wilfordill It was theoretically and practically meaningful to develop and utilize the new ferment biotechnology between medicinal fungi and Chinese tranditional medicine.