Study On Pharmacological Effects Of Fermentation Products From Medicinal Fungi Phellinus Igniarius

Phellinus igniarius (Linnearus: Fries) Quelet perennial was a rare medicinal fungi, due to its unique pharmacological activity, to become a hot research scholars, and known as the anti-cancer efficacy of the current internationally recognized one of the best medicinal fungi. Traditionally, the active ingredient was usually extracted from the fruiting body of P. igniarius, but because of the wild P. igniarius resources was scarce, and its artificial cultivation was difficult, which seriously restricted the P. igniarius development and use in the field of medicine. Liquid fermentation of P. igniarius can reduce cycle time, cost savings and pollution. It was the important way to obtain active ingredient from P. igniarius. In this study, fermentation products from P. igniarius obtained by submerged fermentation. Its inhibitory effect, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-aging effects and attenuated synergies were researched in-depth and meticulous. The preparation process, anti-tumor and immune-enhancing of P. igniarius exopolysaccharide (PIE) capsule were study systematically.The results were as follows:1. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the different extracts of mycelium and fermentation liquid in fermentation products from P. igniarius was studied. And the thermal stability of inhibitory bacterial effect of fermentation products from P. igniarius was discussed by heat treatment operation. The results showed that, the inhibitory effect of different solvent extracts of mycelia and fermentation liquid from P. igniarius against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium 4 kinds of instructions Bacteria were different. The inhibitory effect of the methanol and n-butanol extract of mycelia and fermented liquid for 4 indicator bacteria were showed strong. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.1563～0.625mg/mL. They have showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against. The antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus did not changes severity with the dramatic temperature, showing good thermal stability. It can be seen that the material for antibacterial activity mainly in parts of methanol and n-butanol extract of mycelia and fermented liquid from P. igniarius. At the same time, n-butanol extract of mycelia on 4 indicator bacteria has the highest rates of indicator bacteria inhibition, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were only 0.1563～0.3125mg/mL, which mean n-butanol extract of mycelia from P. igniarius have the strongest antibacterial.2. In this study, the content of PIP and PIE that intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide in P. igniarius fermentation product were determined. The anti-inflammatory effects of PIP and PIE were researched by the modle of mice ear edema caused by xylene-induced, acute inflammation modle of mice paw edema caused by carrageenan, and chronic inflammation model of mice granuloma caused by cotton ball. The results show that, the maximum inhibition rates of PIP and PIE on mice ear ederma caused by xylene-induced were 41.68% and 47.01%. At the same time, PIP and PIE also have a certain effect on acute inflammation modle of mice paw edema caused by carrageenan and chronic inflammation model of mice granuloma caused by cotton ball. They can improve the spleens and thymus index of mice, in other words, it can improved the immune system of mice. The differences of anti-inflammatory effect in the PIP and PIE may be related to differences structural of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide.3. In this study, the anti-tumor effect and anti synergistic effect of attenuated chemotherapy drugs in S180 bearing mice of PIP and PIE have been studied. The results showed that, PIP and PIE have the effects on against chemotherapy induced with weight loss, peripheral blood abnormalities and immune organs such as spleen and thymus atrophy toxicity, and they can effectively improve the anticancer effect of CTX. The highest inhibitory rates of CTX with PIP and PIE were 64.84% and 68.96%. In addition, PIP and PIE can enhance the role of immunity on tumor-bearing mice after chemotherapy. And they were can improve the ability of IFN-y activity in the role, which might be one of the mechanisms attenuated efficiency.4. In this study, PIE capsules molding process were studied by materials selection, particle flow, particle bulk density and grain moisture percentage. The results showed that, through the determination of the different percentage of moisture mixing powder solutions, selected corn starch as materials of PIE capsules ultimately. Seleted 90% of the ethanol to granulation, it has better effect, and vacuum drying at 60℃, screening. The average bulk density of the particles was 0.553g/mL, so seleted No.0 capsule. Adjust the sample volume so that each piece is fitted 0.4g. The average angle of repose of the particles was 32.794°, and the liquidity is better, easy-packing. The critical relative humidity of particle was about 60%. Therefore, in the production, packaging and storage conditions of the PIE capsule, the relative humidity must be controlled below 60% in order to reduce the impact of water on particle stability, to ensure the stability of the finished product.5. In this study, selected sarcoma S180 and liver cancer H22 in mice as experimental models to study the anti-tumor, immune-enhancing and life-prolonging effects of PIE capsule, and its toxic effects were also studied. The results showed that, the PIE capsule has good inhibition on sarcoma S180 and liver cancer H22 in mice. The tumor weights were significantly reduced, while the inhibition rates were significantly increased. In addition, PIE capsule also can improve the immunity of S180 and H22 bearing mice. During the administration, it did not inhibit the increase in body weight of mice, the thymus index, spleen index and weight increased in varying degrees. PIE capsules also can extend the survival time of S180 and H22 bearing mice, in which the life extension of low-dose group of S180 bearing mice was 23.97%, high-dose group of H22 bearing mice was 53.86%. By the acute toxicity test, PIE capsule was an actual non-toxic material, which lay a solid theoretical foundation for efficient anti-tumor drug with low toxicity.6. In this study, selected D-galactose induced subacute acute aging mice as experimental model, and through the determination of the change of serum, brain and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, which to study the anti-aging effects of PIE. The results show that, compared with model group, high, medium and low dose group of PIE groups all could significantly increased the serum, liver and brain tissue SOD and GSH-PX and CAT activity, and reduced the MDA contents. That indicated that PIE not only can enhance the body's defense mechanism against free radical damage, but also can effectively reduce lipid peroxidation of the tissue or cell damage. That further reveal PIE can improve the metabolism of free radicals play a role in anti-aging, and can antagonize the aging process that free radical damage caused by aging mice. In summary, PIE has anti-aging effects, the specific mechanism may relate with eliminate oxygen free radicals and reactive oxygen species and enhance the body's antioxidant enzymes. The achievements of this study were as follows:It's the first to study the anti-inflammatory effects of PIP and PIE systematically. It's the first to study the anti synergistic effect of attenuated chemotherapy drugs of PIP and PIE. It's the first to preliminary study the preparation of PIE capsule, and its anti-tumor effects were discussed.