| Surgery of the tendons of the hand and the fingers still seems difficult and haphazard. In fact, while no technical revolution has transformed by itself the functional prognosis of this surgery, it is especially by the accumulation of technical details and by better knowledge of the anatomy, the physiology, the cicatrization and the biomechanics that the results have been clearly improved. The major problem remains that of adhesions, which are intrinsic in all tendon surgery. Restrictive adhesion is a major problem following flexor tendon surgery. Many attempts have been made to resolve this problem. Yin W et al. have applied palmaris longus(PL) with peritendon tissues for repairing defect of tendon and alleviate adhesion maximally. This study provides anatomical and morpholog basis for free transplantion of PL with peritendon tissues. 10 fresh male forearms were studied , mcroscopic and microscopic PL with peritendon tissues were observed ; the length,width ,depth of PL and the length of peritendon tissues were measured. Palmaris longus arises from the common flexor origin around the medial epicondyle. It is inserted into the tough fascia of the palmar aponeurosis and the flexor retinaculum. It is absent in approximately 5% of the population. There was peritendon tissues around PL. The length ,width and depth of PL were 13.2 ±1.6 cm,4.0 ±0.9 mm,1.0 ±0.1 mm respectively. The length of peritendon tissues was 15.4 ±1.2 cm. Tendon is largely composed of longitudinally oriented bundles of Type-I collagen fibres, separated by the small amount of ground substance containing few fibroblasts. They are round, oval or elongated in cross sections and consist of fasicles of collagen fibres, mostly running parallel to the long axis. The fasicles may be large enough to give the tendon a longitudinally striated appearance. The areolar connective tissue, which permeates the tendon between its fasicles providing a route for vessels and nerves, is condensed on its surface into a socalled sheath or epitendineum. The surface of the sheath is continuous with surrounding areolar tissue. The arrangement is a closed double-layered cylinder, the internal or visceral layer of which is attached to the tendons by loose areolar tissue and the external or parietal layer to neighbouring connecting tissue structures or periosteum. The visceral and parietal layers are often connected by an elongated meso-tendon. At the musculotendinous junction, there is an interdigitation between the muscle fibres and the collagen fibres. The flexor tendons of the fingers, these are so-called "extrinsic", because their muscle body is inserted in the forearm. The international classification has determined 5 anatomical zones for the long fingers and 3 for the thumb. Zone 2, so-called "no man's land" in English, corresponds to the digit channel lying between the neck of the metacarpal and the middle part of the second phalanx. This osteo-fibrous, inextensible channel is formed by annular and crossing pulleys which apply the superficial and deep flexors against the skeleton and enable the complete unfolding of the digit chain. If the pulleys are retained this function is total if pulleys Al, A2, A3 and A4 are preserved. The cruciform pulleys can serve as a starting channel for the repair of tendon. It is in the digit channel that the risks of tendon locking are the most common. The synovial sheaths assure the nutrition and the sliding of the tendons; thus, the surgical strategy is to preserve them and to close them up again after the tendon repair. The closure of the synovial...
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