At present, surgery is generally accepted as the best treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC), however, the long term efficacy is not good. In PHCC, the main reason of low long-term survival is relapse and metastasis. In order to increase survival, chemoprophylaxis and other adjuvant therapy after surgery are accepted, however, these strategies are not used selectively, but there are no proper markers. A more rational therapeutic regimen is to treat the patients with high risk factors with chemoprophylaxis selectively. Therefore, one of the most important issue which we faced is to sieve the patients with a tendency of relapse after surgery early.Nowadays, it is generally accepted that angiogenesis plays a very important role in the process of tumor growth and metastasis. Many genes and proteins that regulate angiogenesis have been found, including promoters and inhibitors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important promoters; thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is one of the most important inhibitors. There is a dynamic balance between angiogenesis promoters and inhibitors. There will be angiogenesis if it favours promoters; Otherwise, there will haven't angiogenesis and the tumor tends to be localized and stabilized. So it has certain clinical value to detect TSP-1 and VEGF in PHCC tissue at the same time to study the prognosis of the patients.
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