Preliminary Research On Medical Security Problems Of Urban Vulnerable Groups

As the increasingly deepening of the reform and opening up, it appears a new vulnerable group which is consist of layoffs, unemployed, old age and deformed men. The scale of this group tends to spread and expand. The existence condition of them, especially the medical condition of them, is worrying. Under the principle of building a socialist harmonious society, the medical security problems of vulnerable groups becomes a factor of discord. For this reason, this article investigates the status quo of the urban vulnerable groups, and learns the experience to protect the vulnerable groups from the developed countries, and tries to put up with some proposals to solve this problem.This paper inspects the existence condition of the urban vulnerable groups. According to the basic consensus of international community, scholars, social work and social policy community, the so-called vulnerable groups are those who lack of economic, political and social opportunities because of some obstacles. They are in the disadvantage situation in society. They are not accepted by the basic living standards. They don't have the ability to change their own circumstances, and need to give support and help. According to the government work report of Premier Zhu Rongji in 2002, the urban vulnerable groups in China can be divided into four parts now. They are laid-offs and unemployed, workers outside the system and childless elderly people, migrant workers and ahead of time retirees. The existence condition of this group is extremely difficult, and the degree of poverty is still increasing. In many fields, they are being discriminated against, and the condition of them is low. It is difficult to protect their interests. They are in the margin of the society. They have complex feelings, and are easy to have mass affrays.This paper reviews the development of medical security system in China. China's medical insurance system has been initially established a basic medical insurance system which is consist of social pooling and individual accounts. This system covers all urban workers, and gradually forms a multi-level medical security system which composes of the basic medical insurance, the supplementary medical insurance, the commercial medical insurance and the social medical assistance. However, due to many conditions, there are still a great number of people not covered by this system, and the urban vulnerable group is one of them. Their medical condition is worrying. Few of these people have medical insurance. Almost of them don't have commercial insurance, and the other ways of owning medical insurance is still limited. Furthermore, there lacks of a unified policy for the medical assistance program in China now. The reason that makes the vulnerable groups under the poor circumstance is the narrow coverage and the poor level of protection of the social medical insurance in China now, and it is also because that the multi-level medical security system has not really come into being, and so on.This paper researches on the great realistic significance of the medical security problems of the urban vulnerable group. It is very important to safeguard the health of urban vulnerable groups for maintaining social stability, achieving social equity and building a socialist harmonious society.This paper analyzes the medical security system of vulnerable groups in developed countries. Judging from the practice, it is different for the developed countries to protect the vulnerable groups. Summing up in four main models, they are State welfare-model medical security system, commercial medical insurance model, social medical insurance model and savings patterns social medical security model. Taking these models, these countries to establish a medical security system for the vulnerable groups are at different starting points and different purposes, but the government in protection of vulnerable groups plays a leading role, takes the main responsibility. Moreover, targeting special groups gives special attention.This paper puts up with a preliminary proposal to establishment and improvement of the medical security system for urban vulnerable groups. The situation of vulnerable groups can not change by its own effort. The government must play a leading role, and mobilizes all the forces could be mobilized to help vulnerable groups to get out of the difficulties. However, taking the actual situation of China, the government has limited capacity. The vulnerable groups themselves should take some responsibility. In the spirit of fairness, low-level, cooperation, socialization and coordination, we can establish a new medical assistance system, build special welfare hospital for vulnerable groups and create a special medical insurance item for migrant workers. By means of these measures above, we can protect the vulnerable groups'medical benefits. Only in this way can we achieve our aspirations to build a socialist harmonious society.