Study Of The Impact Of Occupational Stress On The Physical And Cardiovascular Health Of Yardman

Objective: With the rapid development of social economy, increasingly vehement competition and aggrandizement of the modern people's life and woke pressure, more and more occupational stress has occurred. Interrelated mental and cardiovascular diseases have become the important occupational problem, and the occurrence trend of occupational diseases has been gradually from body disease toward psychological and physiological disease. The response degree of occupational stress not only lies on the occupational stressors, but also rest with the personality and the personal coping ability. In order to study well the relationship between occupational stress and psychological and cardiovascular diseases, the investigation way of combined subjective methods with objective methods and multi-pattern united methods were used. It is very urgent and beneficial for us to put forward the interferential measures and reduce the psychological and physiological disease. The ancient study indicated that the railway yardman deal with the heavy and intensive brainwork, they were the typical occupational stress people. Because the measure tool of the occupational stress has not united, the intercomparsion of the several study results has not been carried, and the conclusions are not consistent. The influencing degree and rule of mental health and cardiovascular function is ambiguous for the occupational stress of the railway yardman. In order to investigate the railway yardman's occupational stress level and characteristic, and the relationship between the occupational and mental stress and the hazards of cardiovascular diseases, this study adopts the occupational stress testing tool to investigate the stress degree of the yardman, and the physical check-up was adopted, so as to explore the effect of occupational stress on physical and psychological health and to put forward the valid intervention measures for alleviating worker's job strain condition.Subjects and Methods: This study was designed as cross-section study. 109 male freight yardmen were selected by cohort sampling. Demographic information (age, work-time, education level, occupation level, etc), occupational stress and individual living habit were measured with revised occupational stress scale, which have been tested validity and reliability. The occupational stress questionnaire includes occupational stressors, personalities, occupational strain response and individual coping ability. At the same time the physical check-up were carried on. The height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin in blood serum were measured. The quality control was performed during the whole survey. The data importing, logical analysis and dealing with missing items were done with Microsoft Visual FoxPro6.0. The data analyses were done with SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Frequency distribution, mean and standard were described. According to the frequency description of occupational stress, subjects were divided into three groups (low, middle, high). Single-factor analysis includes student chi-square tests and variance analyses were performed, and correlation analysis and multiple factor linear regression were done to evaluate the effect of different factors. The significant level (α) is 0.05 (double side).Results1. The cross-section study of occupational stressThere are 93 effective questionnaires above 115, and the response rate is 80.87%. Tries-work -rotation busywork system was put into practice. The yardman was usually highly nervous because of clapping eyes on displays for long time. The staffs of each class were few, so lacking communication with others, and diet and daily life at home lacked orderliness. The yardmen which have the habit of smoking are 82.8% and have the habit of drinking are 76.3%. The score of Attitude to living and that of Organizational commitment were increased with the age rising (P<0.05). Skill underutilization got the highest score in≥10 length of service. The score of Job satisfaction and that of Time pressure feeling were decreased with length of service increasing, but the score of Organizational commitment was increased with length of service increasing(P<0.05). 2. The relationship between occupational stress and psychological stressThe different stress degree has the different score of mental stress reaction: Correlation analysis showed that Working Hours Demand score was significantly positively related to the 'depression', 'anxiety-state', 'dyssomnia' and 'daily life stress'(r=0.300～0.384), but negatively related to the mental health (r=-0.361). Workload demands score was significantly positively related to 'dyssomnia'(r=0.341). Decision latitude score was positively related to the mental health (r=0.362) but negatively related to depression (r=-0.232), while Underutilization score was positively related to 'daily life stress'(r=0.220).Social support score was significantly negatively related to 'state anxiety'(r=-0.326) and 'dyssomnia' (r=-0.210) but positively to 'job satisfaction'(r=0.532). Personality (mental health, job satisfaction) were significantly negatively related to the score of anxiety-trait and vulnerability to stress(r=-0.273～-0.503), while the score of Self-esteem and Organizational Commitment were positively related to them (r=0.361～0.489). Others items of psychological stress were all significantly positively related to the score of anxiety trait, vulnerability to stress and competition factor of Type A Behavior (r=0.208～0.770), as well as negatively related to the score of Self-esteem and Organizational Commitment(r=—0.253～—0.559). Regression analysis revealed that job demands (load and time demands), job control (decision latitude and skill discretion) and social support entered the variable job strains equation. Job time demands were more important with decision coefficient (R~2) varying from 0.102 to 0.305. The decision coefficients of Anxiety trait' for regression equation was all above 0.2. Decision latitude and Organizational commitment were negative factors to dependent variables.3. The relationship between occupational stress and cardiovascular disease risk factorsSignificant differences of the blood-pressure value, heart rate, the cholesterol density, smoking amount and drinking amount were respectively found among groups of occupational strain factors, personalities and coping strategy (P<0.05): The score of Social support and that of Job satisfaction(reverse evaluating) were significantly negatively related to systolic pressure(r=-0.222, r=-0.374) and diastolic pressure(r=-0.297, r=-0.465), while the score of Self-esteem was significantly negatively related to systolic pressure(r=-0.209). The score of Job satisfaction was significantly negatively related to the concentration of triglyceride (r=-0.276), and the score of Job load was significantly positively related to the heart rate(r=0.248). Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure are reducing along with the degree of work satisfaction, and that are increasing along with the increasing of type A behavior score, and diastolic pressure is reducing along with the increasing of social sustain. The heart rate is quickening along with the increasing of the workload; the concentration of triglyceride is increasing along with the increasing of sleeping obstacle. The concentrations of Cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin have the increasing tread along with the aggravation of strain susceptibility, and the concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin is increasing along with the increasing type A score. The liquor capacity is increasing along with the increasing of the scores of workload demand, depression, sleeping obstacle, body and mind complain, and living conception. Stepwise regression analysis showed that age, self-esteem and job satisfaction had distinct impact on the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (R~2>0.05), and the impact of job satisfaction, self-esteem on blood pressure was negative. The job relation, job difficulty, job decision latitude, physical complaints and self-esteem were the predictors of smoking (R~2>0.05). Job load entered the heart rate regression equation and it was the predictor of the heart rate.Conclusions: Occupational stressors, personality and individual coping ability have relation to the mental health and cardiovascular disease factors. With the higher degree of stress and the more significant personality against dealing with stress, the more intense psychological stress is caused, and the higher values of cardiovascular disease risk factors are measured. In this case, the increase of blood pressure, prevalence rate, blood serum cholesterol, and triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration can be observed. Also the individual living habit of yardman can be influenced, such as the habits of smoking, drinking and high fat or sugar food, which can promote cardiovascular disease paroxysm. On the other hand, the job control, social support, positive coping, self-esteem and organizational commitment are protection factors for alleviating the strain reaction.These results provide the theory foundation for the further study of intervention and prevention of occupational stress.