| Objective:The gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in our country. The rate of incidence and death is the highest in all kinds of the alimentary tract malignant tumors. At present, the happening and development of gastric cancer is still emphasis of study. On the clinic, although about 60% patients with gastric carcinoma were through the valid treatment, they died of the recurrence and metastasis of tumor cells. The happening and development of gastric cancer is a progress in whichmany factors and processes and various mechanisms were involved. Tumor suppressor gene phosphataseand tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has dual specificity phosphatase activity. It can lead to arresting in G, phase of cell cycle and apoptosis,and inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis by many ways. The degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane is the key progress of tumor invasion and metastasis,and the type IV collagen can be degradated by matrix metalloproteinases-9 ( MMP-9). It promote to metastasis. Now there were little reports about the Correlations between the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma and regional lymph node tissues and the prognosis. Therefore, in this study we detect the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues, regional lymph node tissues and normal gastric mucosa by S-P immunohistochemical technique, analyze the Correlations between the expressions of tumor cells, the Correlations between the expressions and the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma and the Correlations between the expressions and the prognosis. We studied important theoretical and clinical meanings in the happening, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancerMethods:In this study, we select 73 samples of gastric carcinoma, 73 samples of normal gastric mucosa(>5.0cm)and 73 samples first station of regional lymph node. All patients had gastrectomy in the 4th hospital of HeBei Medical University from October 2005 to August 2006. All these samples are without chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery, which are proved adenocarcinoma by pathology. In this study, we use S-P immunohistochemical technique to detect the expressions of protein PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues, normal gastric mucosa and regional lymph node. The Correlations between the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 and the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma were analyzed, including patients'sex, age, tumor location, size, gross type, differentiation degree, the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage etc. We still analyzed the Correlations between the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 and lymph node metastasis. All statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 12.0 and P<0.05 were considered significant.Results:1 The positive rates of PTEN were 53.42% in tissues of gastric carcinoma, which were significantly lower than the rates of 100% in normal gastric mucosa (p<0.05).2 The positive rates of MMP-9 were 72.61% in tissues of gastric carcinoma, which were significantly higher than the rates of 30.14% in normal gastric mucosa (p<0.05).3 In gastric carcinoma tissues, 43.14% of PTEN in gastric carcinoma tissue existed in the tumor bigger than 5.0cm, and the percentage was lower than 77.27% in the tumor smaller than 5.0cm; the comparison of the two shows significant difference (P<0.05). The expressions of PTEN in the group with infiltrating type (32.61%) were significantly lower than localization type (88.89%, P<0.05); the expressions of PTEN in the group with poor differentiation (41.03%) were significantly lower than well differentiation (67.65%, P<0.05); the expressions of PTEN in the group of T3+T4 (48.44%) were significantly lower than T1+T2 (88.89%, P<0.01); the expressions of PTEN in the group with lymph node metastasis (36.36%) were significantly lower than without lymph node metastasis (79.31%, P<0.05); the expressions of PTEN in the group of III-IV stage (39.13%) were significantly lower than group of I-II stage (77.78%, P<0.05).4 In gastric carcinoma tissues, 80.39% of MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissue existed in the tumor bigger than 5.0cm, and the percentage was higher than 54.55% in the tumor smaller than 5.0cm. The comparison of the two shows significant difference (P<0.05) ; the expressions of MMP-9 in the group with infiltrating type (86.96%) were significantly higher than localization type (48.15%, P<0.05);the expressions of MMP-9 in the group with poor differentiation (89.74%) were significantly higher than well differentiation (52.94%, P<0.05); the expressions of MMP-9 in the group of T3+T4 (76.56%) were significantly higher than T1+T2 (44.44%, P<0.05); the expressions of MMP-9 in the group with lymph node metastasis (88.64%) were significantly higher than without lymph node metastasis (48.28%, P<0.05); the expressions of MMP-9 in the group of III-IV stage (82.61%) were significantly higher than group of I-II stage (55.56%, P<0.05).5 No correlations were found between expression levels of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues and patients'sexes, ages and tumor locations. (P>0.05).6 In gastric regional lymph node tissues, The expressions of PTEN in the group with lymph node metastasis (36.36%) were significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis (86.21%, P<0.05); the expressions of MMP-9 in the group with lymph node metastasis (79.55%) were significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (13.79%, P<0.05). The rate of lymph node metastasis in positive expressions group of PTEN(39.02%) were significantly lower than that in negative one (87.50%, P<0.05). The rate of lymph node metastasis in positive expressions group of MMP-9 (89.74%) were significantly higher than that in negative one (26.47%, P<0.05).7 A significant negative correlations were observed between the expression of PTEN and MMP-9 protein in gastric carcinoma tissues (rs= -0.399, P<0.01).Conclusion : 1 The expressions of PTEN in gastric carcinoma tissues were lower than those in normal gastric mucosa. It shows the inactivation of PTEN participate the happening of gastric cancer. The expressions of MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal gastric mucosa. It shows the molecularbiology factors have changed which were correlated with degradation of the ECM in gastric carcinoma tissues. It establishes the foundation for the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.2 The expressions of PTEN in gastric carcinoma tissues become significantly lower along with differentiation degree to lower, the depth of invasion to deeper, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage to higher. The expressions of MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues become significantly higher along with differentiation degree to lower, the depth of invasion to deeper, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage to higher. It indicates the ability of the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma become higher, which the low expression of PTEN and the high expression of MMP-9.3 No correlations were found between expression levels of PTEN, MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues and patients'sexes, ages and tumor locations. (P>0.05).4 In gastric regional lymph node tissues, the expressions of PTEN in the group with lymph node metastasis were significantly lower. The expressions of MMP-9 in the group with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher. In gastric regional lymph node tissues, the rate of lymph node metastasis in positive expressions group of PTEN were significantly lower. The rate of lymph node metastasis in positive expressions group of MMP-9 is significantly higher. It shows the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric regional lymph node tissues unusually were correlated with lymph node metastasis. In gastric regional lymph node tissues, which the low expression of PTEN and the high expression of MMP-9, it is easy to take place lymph node metastasis.5 In gastric carcinoma tissues, the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 have negative correlation. It shows the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma have the antagonism in invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.In conclusion, the abnormal expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma tissues play important roles in invade and metastasis of gastric carcinoma and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma. The abnormal expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric regional lymph node tissues were related with lymph node metastasis. Unite examining the expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 in gastric carcinoma and regional lymph node tissues can be useful in prognosticating the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma, evaluating the prognosis of gastric carcinoma and guiding the reasonable comprehensive treatment.
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