| [Background and objective]The incidence and mortality of lung cancer is increasing rapidly and it severely endangers human health and life .The mechanism of the carcinogenesis of lung tissue is very complex. Researches have shown that the process of carcinogenesis includes both transformation of certain genes and angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis is closely related with the changes in the function or structure of certain genes as well as positive and negative modulators.Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the key enzyme involved in prostaglandin production in pathologic satates such as inflamamation and cancer. Researches show that COX-2 has profound effects on carcinogenesis through many ways, among which the major one is to enhance angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important cytokines in the tumorigenesis,thus can promote angiogenesis. There have been reports of cooperation of COX-2 and VEGF in ovarian carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma ,but reports concerns COX-2 and its relation with VEGF in lung cancer are rather rare. explore the expression of COX-2, VEGF and MVD as well as their relations in NSCLC,so as to provide theory basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.[Materials and methods] Lung carcerous tissues were collected from 80 patients of non-small lung cancer cell (NSCLC). Among them 50 males, 30 females; of them, 43 squamous cancer cases, 37 adenocarcinoma cases; 15 well-differentiated squamous cancer cases, 14 moderately-differentiated squmaous cancer, 14 poorly-differentiated squmaous cancer; 17 well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 20 poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma; and there are lymph nodes metastasis in 48 cases, and no lymph nodes metastasis in 32 cases; 20 benign lung lesion tissues are collected as control. All the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin. Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical method is performed to detect the expression of COX-2,VEGF and Microvascular density (MVD). The data are analyzed by software SPSS 10.00, Chi-square Test , and exact probability method were used to compare the difference of COX-2 and VEGF expression between groups, t-test is used to compare the difference of MVD between groups. P<0.05 is considered to be statistically significent.[Results]1 .The positive staining of COX-2 mainly located in cytoplasm. The expressive proportion of COX-2 is 5.00% in benign lesions. The positive expression is 56.25% in lung cancerous tissues. A significant difference is observed between the two groups(P<0.05) . In squamous cancer and adenocarcinoma, the COX-2 expressive proportion were 37.21% and 78.38% respectively. The difference between them is significant (P<0.05). In well, moderately and poorly-differentiated squamous cancer groups are 20.00%, 28.57% and 64.29% respectively. In well and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma groups, expressive proportion are 64.71%, 90% respectively .In the group with and without lymph node metastasis, the rates are 37.50% and 72.92% respectively. The difference between them is significant(P<0.05) .2.The positive staining of VEGF mainly located in the nucleus of lung carcinoma cells, the expressive proportion is 63.75% in cancerous tissues, which is significantly higher than that in benign lung lesions (10.00%) (P<0.05) . In the groups with and without lymph node metastasis, the positive rate are 46.88% and 77.08% respectively, the difference between them is significant (P<0.05) . In well, moderately and poorly-differentiated squmaous cancer groups, the positive rate are 40% , 64.29% and 78.57% respectively. In well and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma groups, the positive rates are 47.06%,85% respectively,and the difference between them was significant ( P<0.05 ) . In squamous and adenocarcinoma cancer, the positive rate of VEGF are 60.47% and 67.57% respectively, the difference between them is not significant (P>0.05 ) .3.The MVD value in cancer tissues (42.67±10.58) is remarkblely higer than that in benign lesions (12.34±7.46).The MVD in adenocarcinoma cancer is significantly higher than that in squamous cancer oustissues (50.56±8.87γs 35.16±6.96, P<0.05). The MVD in group with node metastasis is significantly higher than that in group without lymph node metastasis (48.65±8.89, 34.12±6.83, P<0.05).4.The MVD in the positive- of COX-2 group is significantly higher than that in COX-2 negative-expression group (51.36±8.47γs 33.45±6.43, P<0.05).5.The MVD in the VEGF positive-expression group is significantly higher than that in VEGF negative-expression group (52.34±8.54γs 32.14±6.43, P<0.05).6. The expression of VEGF in the COX-2 positive-expression group(71.11 %) is significantly higher than that in COX-2 negative-expression group (54.29%) (P<0.05) .[Conclusion]1 .The expression of COX-2 is low in benign lung lesions, but that is high in lung carcinoma; The expression of COX-2 is closely related to pathological grade and lymph node metastasis, and COX-2 expression is more common in adenocarcinoma, it can be a marker of prognosis evaluation;2. The Expression of VEGF in NSCLC is significantly higher than in benign lung lesion, it is closely related to differentiatial grade and lymph node metastasis, but not related to pathological types, it can evaluate prognosis;.3.MVD is closely related to pathological types and lymph node metastasis, it can evaluate prognosis; Both COX-2 and VEGF expression are positively related to MVD in lung cancer tissues indicated that both may promote angiogenesis.The close relationships between COX-2 and VEGF indicated that they play important roles in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer especially in tumor angiogenesis.
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