| The thesis described the basic principles and the applications of chemluminescence in pharmaceutical environmental analysis.The main content consisted of two parts:Partâ… :A review of chemiluminescence analysisRadziszewasi found that lophine could produce luminescence in 1877.Since then, numerous compounds have been synthesized and their chemiluminescent reaction mechanisms and applications to analytical chemistry were studied.In this part,based on the fundamental theory of chemiluminescence and combined with our research work,the mechanisms and applications of luminol-peroxide hydrogen,luminol-potassium ferricyanide,luminol-dissolved oxygen,luminol-potassium permanganate,luminolmyoglobin and luminol-iodide chemiluminescence system were simply reviewed,using more than 150 references concerning chemiluminescence analysis in the year from 2003 to 2008.Partâ…¡:Research reportsAs one of the most important and familiar chemiluminescent compounds,the chemiluminescent mechanism of luminol had been extensively studied,since its chemiluminescence phenomenon was found by Albrecht in 1928.In our work,based on the chemiluminescence reactions of luminol-dissolved oxygen,luminol-myoglobin, luminol-peroxide hydrogen,luminol-potassium periodate and combined with flow-injection technology,clindamycin,norfloxacin,cefetamet pivoxil,levofloxacin and formaldehyde have been determined in pharmaceutical preparations,body fluids or air samples by the proposed methods,respectively.Applications of luminol chemiluminescence system in pharmaceutical analysis1.A sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of clindamycin is presented.The method is based on the inhibitory effect of clindamycin on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and myoglobin in a flow-injection system. The decrement of chemiluminescence intensity is linear with the logarithm of clindamycin concentration over the range from 0.1 ng·mL-1to 70.0 ng·mL-1with the detection limit of 0.03 ng·mL-1(3σ).At a flow rate of 2.0 mL·min-1,a complete analytical process could be performed within 0.5 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0%(n=5).The proposed procedure was applied successfully in the determination of clindamycin in capsules,human serum and monitoring excretion of clindamycin in human urine samples.It was found that the excretive clindamycin concentration reached its maximum after orally administrated for 3 hours,and the clindamycin excretive ratio in 9 hours was 10.84%in the body of volunteer.The possible mechanism was proposed.2.Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent.A sensitive chemiluminescence method,based on the enhancive effect of norfloxacin on the reaction between luminol and dissolved oxygen in a flow injection system,was proposed for the determination of norfloxacin.The increment of the chemiluminiscence intensity was proportional to the concentration of norfloxacin,giving a calibration graph linear over the concentration from 0.4 ng·mL-1to 400.0 ng·mL-1with the detection limit of 0.1 ng·mL-1(3σ).At the flow rate of 2.0 mL·min-1,a complete determination of norfloxacin could be accomplished in 30s with the relative standard deviation lower than 3.0%(n=5).The proposed method was applied successfully to determine norfloxacin in pharmaceuticals, human urine,and serum.Possible mechanism of the reaction was also discussed.3.A new method,based on the enhancive effect of cefetamet pivoxil on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and dissolved oxygen in a flow injection system,was proposed for determination of cefetamet pivoxil.The increment of the chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of cefetamet pivoxil, giving a calibration graph linear over the concentration from 0.4 ng·mL-1to 100.0 ng·mL-1with the detection limit of 0.1 ng·mL-1(3σ).At a flow rate of 2.0 mL·min-1,a complete determination of cefetamet pivoxil could be accomplished in 40 s with the relative standard deviations of less than 3.0%(n=5).The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of cefetamet pivoxil in human urine and serum.4.Two simple flow injection chemiluminescence methods were investigated for determination of levofloxacin.The enhanced chemiluminescence intensity from the reaction of luminol and potassium periodate was linear with the concentration of levofloxacin over the range from 7.0 ng·mL-1to 1000.0 ng.mL-1with a detection limit of 2ng·mL-1(3σ).And the chemiluminescence increment from the reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide was proportional to the concentration of levofloxacin in the range of 1.0 ng·mL-1to 700.0 ng·mL-1with a detection limit of 0.3ng·mL-1(3σ).At a flow rate of 2.0 mL·min-1,a complete analytical process could be performed within 0.5 minute,with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0%(n=5).The proposed method was applied successfully in the determination of levofloxacin in tablets, eyedrop,human serum and urine.Applications of luminol chemiluminescence system in environmental analysis5.Formaldehyde is one of the most significant industrial hazards and air pollutants.A simple flow injection chemiluminescence method with synergistic enhancement has been investigated for the rapid and sensitive determination of formaldehyde.The synergistic action was significant in the chemiluminescence system of luminol-hydrogen peroxide with formaldehyde as an enhancer.The enhanced chemiluminescence intensity was linear with the concentration of formaldehyde over the range from 0.1×10-12mol·L-1to 10.0×10-12mol·L-1with a detection limit of 0.03×10-12mol·L-1(3σ).The proposed method was applied successfully in the determination of formaldehyde in air.
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