| Objective: To investigate the protective effect of glutamine against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) in the rats. Methods: Thirty two male SD rats were divided into four groups (n=8 in each group) randomly. One of these groups received 0.9% NaCl (control group) and the other three groups received glutamine precondition (Gln group) four hours before the operation. According to the different doses these Gln groups were divided into Gd/Gz/Gg group. The liver was subjected to ischemia by cross-clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament for 1 hour, then declamping to restore the blood flow,then the abdomen was closed.2h after reperfusion,blood samples that taken from the heart were conserved in a freezer in order to detect the levels of serum alanine transaminase(ALT) in each group.One part of the liver sample was conserved in a 4% paraformaldehyde in order to commit paraffin section;the other part was conserved in a freezer in order to make homogenate,which was taken to test the content of MDA,the activity of Na+-K+ATPase and SOD , the concentration of intracellular free cacium([Ca2+]) in liver by colorimetric method.Result: 1 The liver looked dark red and turned soft. Some lamellar necrosis region and no-reflow region could be seen after reperfusion. While in groups of Gln ,the color of liver looked well-distributed and there was no necrosis region.2 The liver histological findings In Co group 2 hours after the reperfusion sinus hepaticus existed obvious congestion and parenchymal cell degenerated seriously. Vacuolar degeneration and tissue necrosis were serious and many neutrophilic granulocytes could be seen. Hepatic tissues were similar in each of the Gln group.But compared to Co group, parenchymal cell degenerated slightly.There was no obvious congestion in Sinus hepaticus but few vacuolar degeneration and few punctiform necrosis.3 The level of ALT in Co,Gd,Gz and Gg groups were 1160.00±180.89U/L, 1024.38±127.04U/L, 727.63±142.72 U/L and 486.50±108.24U/L. The level of serum ALT in Gz and Gg groups were lower than that in Co group (P<0.05). The level of serum ALT in Gd group was lower than that in Co group,but there was no statistical significance between the two groups(P﹥0.05).4 The level of SOD in Co,Gd,Gz and Gg groups were 203.67±71.03 NU/mgprot,277.37±43.90 NU/mgprot,352.01±69.65NU/mgprot and 439.02±59.40NU/mgprot NU/mgprot. The level of SOD in Gd, Gz and Gg groups were higher than that in Co group (P<0.05). The level of SOD rised gradually follow the increasing of Gln dose,There was statistical significance (P<0.05)5 The content of malonaldehyde(MDA) in Co,Gd,Gz and Gg groups were54.58±9.50 nmol/ml, 46.28±5.50 nmol/ml, 37.75±5.10 nmol/ml and 32.51±6.54 nmol/ml. The content of MDA in Gd, Gz and Gg groups were lower than that in Co group (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between Gz and Gg groups (P﹥0.05).But the content of MDA descended gradually follow the increasing of Gln dose.6 The activity of Na+-K+ATPase in Co,Gd, Gz and Gg groups were 0.73±0.15umolpi/mgprol/hour, 1.17±0.69umolpi/ mgprol/hour,1.54±0.20umolpi/mgprol/hour and2.18±0.35umol pi/mgprol/hour. The level of Na+-K+ATPase in Gd, Gz and Gg groups were higher than that in Co group (P<0.05). The level of Na+-K+ATPase rised gradually follow the increasing of Gln dose,There was statistical significance (P<0.05).7 The concentrations of intracellular free cacium([Ca2+]) in Co,Gd,Gz and Gg groups were254.00±23.32 nmol/ml,194.63±13.62nmol/ml,154.88±12.61 nmol/ml and108.89±11.72 nmol/ ml. The level of intracellular free cacium([Ca2+]) in Gd,Gz and Gg groups were lower than that in Co group (P<0.05). The level of Ca2+ descended gradually follow the increasing of Gln dose,There was statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusions:1 It was confirmed that preconditioning of Gln could simulate partly the protection of hepatocytess in the ischemia reperfusion injury of live in rats.2 The decrease of activity of Na+-K+ATPase could lead to calcium overload and Gln could protest against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inducing calcium overload.3 Gln had an important role in relieving oxygen free radicals injury in HIRI.4 The protection of Gln occurd the dose in HIRI.
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