| In this study,red ginseng is selected to explore the features and key technologies of comprehensive extraction of traditional Chinese medicine.Comprehensive extraction of red ginseng included three complex extraction processes,supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from red ginseng,extraction of the saponins with ethanol and extraction of ginseng polysaccharide with water at last.SFE of volatile oil from red ginseng was invastgated at first.The operational parameters such as pressure,temperature and time were optimized according to the oil yield obtained.Under the best conditions,the yield of oil by SFE was up to 0.34%, much higher than that by steam distillation.Then the volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS and 26 compounds were identified including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid,3,7, 11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene,β-sitosterol,palmitic acid and falcarinol as the major compounds.Secondly,ginseng saponins were extracted from the material aider SFE with ethanol solution and purificated by macroporous resin.The effects of extraction conditions such as the ratio of solvent and matric,concentration of ethanol and extraction time were investigated.Then purification of saponin with D101 macroporous resin was performed. The single-factor method was adopted to optimize the operation parameters such as the dynamic adsorption,ethanol concentration and ethanol volume.At last,ginseng polysaccharide was extracted from the waste after both SFE of oil and extracting saponin.The extraction conditions were confirmed as double times of extraction at temperature 100℃with water(10 mL/g) for 3 h.The results showed that the yield of polysaccharide can be up to 20%.Through this reseach work,we can see that comprehensive extraction of red ginseng is feasible to make full use of red ginseng,increasing its economic value greatly.
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