| Objective To understand the status of physical and intelligence development of 3 years old infants in Anhui province, exploring the effect of different nutritional status of babies on their physical and intelligence development about 3 years old. Then it would provide further evidence on infant feeding intervention.Methods According to the data of length and weight, which was obtained from general survey of nutritional status in all infants aged 0～1 in a county of Anhui province, we divided all infants into three layers according to WHO child growth standards in 2006, the weight and length of infants which were both≥x +s was as the first layer, and infants'weight and length which were < x -s was as the third layer, and the rest (< x +s and≥x -s) was as the second layer. We randomly collected some infants from the three layers as the subjects of the later follow-up study. Two years later when these children were three years old, we investigated their physical and intelligence development level. We measured their height, weight, head circumference, arm circumference, triceps skin fold and calculated their weight for age standard deviation score (WAZ), height for age standard deviation score (HAZ), weight for height standard deviation score(WHZ), head circumference-for-age Z-sore(HCAZ), arm circumference-for-age Z-sore(ACAZ) and triceps skin fold-for-age Z-sore(TSAZ); Their intelligence development levels were measured by Gesell developmental scales, and their adaptative quotient, macromotor quotient, fine activities quotient, language quotient and social quotient were calculated. We used Epi Data3.0 software to input the data, and statistical analysis by SPSS11.0 software.Results 178 infants were followed up, male 115 and female 63. The height and weight of children about 3 years old had the positive correlation with their length and weight during 0～1 years old, and the correlation coefficients were 0.688 ( p<0.01) and 0.535( p<0.01);WAZ and HAZ of children about 3 years old increased with their nutritional condition improving during 0～1 years old. The distribution difference of HAZ, WAZ, HCAZ of infants about 3 years old was significant among different length levels of infants (χ2=27.253, p<0.001;χ2=11.175, p<0.05;χ2=10.110, p<0.05). The distribution difference of HAZ, WAZ, WHZ, ACAZ and TSAZ of infants about 3 years old was significant during different weight levels groups of infants. With the level of infants'length and weight increasing, the percentages of height for age and weight for age were gradually decreased in Z<-1 group, increased and then decreased in -1≤Z<1 group, increased gradually in Z≥1 group. The findings of intellective development showed that the adaptive quotient, fine motor quotient, language quotient and social behavior quotient of children about 3 years old increased as their weight for age increased during 0～1 years old. The macromotor quotient and social behavior quotient of children about 3 years old increased as their length for age increased during 0～1 years old. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the adaptive quotient, fine motor quotient, language quotient and social behavior quotient of infants about 3 years old were positive correlate with the rank of infants'weight, and only macromotor quotient and social behavior quotient have a certain correlation during the rank of infants'length. The detection rate of lower intelligence development quotient in children decreased as the rank of infants'weight increased. With the rank of infants'length increasing, the detection rate of lower fine motor quotient and social behavior quotient in children about 3 years old decreased. Conclusions The physical and intellective development of infants about 3 years old were closely related with the nutritional status of infants in 0～1 years old. In order to promote the growth development of infants, we should try to offer a reasonable and balanced diet in infants feeding. Objective Using Meta-analysis to explore the effect of undernutrition in early life to their later intelligence development.Methods CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), Wanfang (Chinese), VIP (Chinese) databases , CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), PubMed, ScienceDirect were searched for articles which published between 2000 and 2010. Combine with method of literature retrospectively, collection of the literature which published nearly 10 years at home and abroad, these literatures were all about malnutrition in early life to the intelligence of the late. The terms used were"malnutrition in early life","low birth weight","intrauterine growth restriction","intelligence","cognition"respectively. Inclusion and exclusion criteria according to documents selected to meet the requirements of the documents, extract relevant data, and then use RevMan 4.2 software to take fixed effects model or random effects model after consistency test to take a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the literature in the study,and calculate the value of the merger RR and its 95%CI.Results 188 literatures were selected first. After the final selection 9 literatures were included, including 298 cases of mental retardation. Assess the quality of the literatures: 7 was for the B, 2 was for the C. It is homogeneity among 9 studies, so fixed-effect model was used. The results of comprehensive analysis is: OR=1.37, 95%CI (1.24-1.51). Begg's rank correlation method and the Egger examination of publication bias, the results showed two funnel graphics are basically symmetrical, the result of Begg's test is p=0.602(p>0.05), the results of Egger's test is p=0.21(p>0.05). They both showed no obvious bias. Using two effect models, removed the low-quality literatures and the largest samples or the smallest samples respectively, then analysis its sensitivity. We found it has less impact on the study results. It indicated the results of Meta analysis was stability.Conclusions The malnutrition in early life has associated with the intelligence of the late. It suggested that undernutrition in early life may be a risk factor of later intelligence development of children.
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