| Objectives1. To have the knowledge of the school-age children's breakfast status in Chongqing urban district, to find the existing problems, and to give suggestions and guides for achieving a balanced diet and guaranteeing school-age children growing healthily.2. To investigate the relationship among breakfast frequency, breakfast quality and obesity in order to provide theoretical basis for the intervention measures of obesity.Methods1. Questionnaire surveys were carried out in the 1219 school-age children from two to five grades and their parents; Height and weight were measured in the 1219 school-age children using random cluster sampling methods. The 1219 children were from 6 primary schools in Chongqing urban district, including 2 large scale schools,2 medium scale schools and 2 small scale schools, in which more than 10 % children were overweight or had obesity.2. The data were analyzed with theχ~2 test and binary logistic regression.Results1. In this investigation, in the school-age children who were between two and five grades,10.7% of school-age children were overweight while 8.6% had obesity; The total mobility was 19.0%,and the situation of overweight and obesity of boys was more seriously than girls,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=25.249,P <0.001).2. In this investigation, the ratio of the children who often had breakfast was 88.1%, who had breakfast irregularly was 8.6%, and who didn't often have breakfast was 3.3%. The situation of breakfast frequency of girls was better than boys, and differences were significant(χ~2=6.060,P <0.05); Frequency of breakfast wasn't different significantly among different grades. The school-age children who thought breakfast was important accounted for 96.6%, the situation of girls was better than boys and had statistically significant differences(χ~2=6.752,P =0.01), but the differences between grades had no statistical meanings. The attitudes towards breakfast were relevant with frequencies of breakfas(tχ~2=12.263, P <0.01).The chances of not usually having breakfast for those who thought having breakfast everyday wasn't necessary was 3.25 times more than ones who thought having breakfast everyday was necessary. 3. In this investigation, only 9.6% school-age children had breakfast with good quality, 25.0% school-age children had breakfast with average quality, and 65.4% school-age children had breakfast with poor quality. The breakfast quality had no statistically differences between boys and girls but had significant differences in different grades, the trend was better with grades increasing(χ~2=60.491,P <0.001). Only 43.6% of the children agreed that having a single type of food was bad for health, while 56.4% of school-age children did not agree with that. There was no statistical difference between boys and girls; But there was statistical difference between different grades(χ~2=30.804,P <0.001), and with grade increasing the awareness of this health knowledge was going upward. The awareness of this health knowledge was not related to breakfast quality.4. In this investigation, the highest percentage was having cereal (rice noodles food) for breakfast which reached 75.3%, followed by milk, yogurt and other dairy products, and the ratio was 73.0%, the proportion of eating fresh vegetable or fruit, fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, meat, eggs or fish food, beans and bean products (soya-bean milk, jellied bean curd, etc) was 37.2%, 23.4%, 27.7%, 30.6%, 29.9% and 5.3% respectively. The situation of girls eating milk and milk products was obviously better than boys which had statistical differences(χ~2=4.495,P <0.05),while the situation of boys eating meat, eggs or fish food was better than girls ,which also had significant differences(χ~2=9.385,P <0.01);And the rest of the food had no obvious significant differences between male and female. Among the different grade, cereal and milk and milk products, fresh vegetables, and other food have statistically significant. The percentage of students from senior grade (grade5) eating cereal , milk and milk products and other food was significantly higher than the proportion of other grades(χ~2=13.845,P <0.01;χ~2=16.645,P <0.01;χ~2=7.943,P <0.05),but the proportion of fresh vegetables was obviously lower than other grades(χ~2=10.345,P <0.05).5.The rate of overweight for who didn't often have breakfast, who had breakfast irregularly, who often had breakfast was 15.4%,9.8%,10.6% respectively;while the rate of obesity of those was 23.1%,8.8%,8.1% respectively,and the difference was significant(χ~2=12.549,P <0.05).The risk of obesity prevalence and overweight prevalence of school-age children who often didn't have breakfast was as 3.499 times and 2.699 times respectively as the ones who often had breakfast. The rate of overweight for who had breakfast with poor quality, average quality, good quality was 11.2%,10.0%,7.0% respectively, while the rate of obesity of those was 9.7%,6.0%,7.0% respectively,and the rate of overweight and obesity of those was 20.9%,16.0%,14.0% respectively. With the breakfast quality became better, the trend of obesity and overweight prevalence of school-age children was decreased, but it had no statistically significant. Conclusions1. The overall situation of breakfast frequency is relatively good, but the breakfast quality is relatively poor in Chongqing urban district, school-age children are mainly fed on cereal and milk for breakfast, but the consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, soy products, fish, meat and eggs were low. Single types of food, inadequate nutrition, poor quality of breakfast of school-age children in Chongqing urban district are serious.2. The cognitions of the necessary for having breakfast everyday for school-age children in Chongqing is relatively high but the cognitions and the knowledge of the types of food on the health effects is relatively low. The rate of often having good quality breakfast for school-age children who have better grasp and hold the correct attitudes of nutrition knowledge is relatively high.3. The risks of obesity, overweight and obesity prevalence for school-age children who often don't have breakfast are higher than the ones who often have breakfast, and often having no breakfast is an independent factor to obesity or overweight and obesity. There is no significant correlation between breakfast quality and the incidence of overweight and obesity in school-age children.
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