| The traditional Chinese Rhizoma Anemarrhenae is a commonly used antifebrile agent and has very long hypoglycemic application history. The modern pharmacological research demonstrates that timosaponin, xanthone and anemaran are the main active components of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae with many pharmacological activities, such as ameliorating learning and memory deficits, inhibiting platelet aggregation, suppressing the superoxide generation, anti-inflammatory effect,antifungal activity, hypoglycemic effect, decreasing transaminase, and so on. They can be used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, prevention and treating diabetic complications, e.g. cataract, hyperlipidemia. But the components of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae are numerous and diverse, and it exhibits multi-component, multilevel, multi-targets, multiple metabolic pathway characteristics in treating diabetes. Based on these characteristics, some researchs were developed according to relative literatures. By use of modern analytical technique, a systematic study of timosaponin and xanthone was developed, and correlation between metabolic finger-printing analysis and pharmacodynamical research in evaluating intervention of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae on type 2 diabetes mellitus rat was explored.Using the analysis technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole -time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) in both positive and negative ESI ion mode, a rapid method for the chemical constituent analysis of steroidal saponins and xanthones in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae was developed. 50 components including 7 xanthones and 43 steroidal saponins were investigated on the basis of the exect molecular weight provided by MS, MS/MS data and relevant literatures, in which 17 new isomers and 9 components were identified for the first time in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.A experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was developed induced by high-fat diet with low dose streptozotocin(STZ), of which the body weight, insulin and glucose tolerance were decressed, and the blood sugar, TCHO, TG, LDL and HDL were incressed obviously.The experimental T2DM rats were treated with three doses of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae extracts respectively. We conclude that Rhizoma Anemarrhenae extracts can decress the fasting blood glucose(FBG) , ameliorate glucose tolerance of this diabetes rat, especially the dose of 200mg/kg.According to the characteristics of metabolomics in urine samples, the whole analysis process, including the measure method of UPLC/Q-TOF MS, pretreatment of original data, variable scale conversion, pattern recognition.A metabolic finger-printing analysis was carried out to investigate the urine metabolite in both rat model and its treated groups following oral administration of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae extracts, and a good result was observed from the modeling results about every physiological vatieties in rat, compared to the pharmacodynamics results. The analysis strongly suggests that metabolic finger-printing analysis can give an effective and visual characterization in evaluating the physiological vatieties of organism.By the analusis of metabolomics between the diabetes mellitus model group and the normal control group, 68 and 110 kinds of potential biomarker were selected from the results of ESI- and ESI+ mode respectively. This result reduced the scope of searching biomarkers which associated with the diabetes mellitus.
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