| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large class of ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants, which may induce skin and lung cancers in occupational settings and have been listed in preferred controlling pollutants by many countries. The evaluation of exposure to PAHs can provide evidence for environmental health risk warning and epidemiological study. However, exposure and influential factors are very complicated, and urinary hydroxyl PAHs which are major metabolites of PAHs in human urine have been widely used as biomarkers for the estimation of health risks as a result of PAHs exposure. Therefore, we develop novel methods for the establishment target analysis of hydroxy metabolites and the high-throughput HPLC-FD profiling analysis of the hydroxy metabolites and their structure analogues, and build lung cancer risk prediction model of occupational exposure to PAHs, it is an important practical significance to looking for PAHs'early warning marker of lung cancer, early dagnosis, occupational safety evaluation and the in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of lung cancer.In the chapter 2, a novel method of first derivative synchronous fluorescence was developed for the rapid simultaneous analysis of trace 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1-naphthol (1-NAP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPe) and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) in human urine. In the B–R buffer solution of pH 5.0, these five metabolites of PAHs can be simultaneously identified and quantified atΔλ= 10 nm using Tween-20 as a sensitizer. The first derivative synchronous spectra were obtained by spectroscopy software program for spectral acquisition and subsequent calculation of the derivative data using the Savitzky–Golay method. The corresponding first derivative synchronous fluorescence data of 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 9-OHPe and 2-OHFlu were manipulated atλ= 389.4 nm,332.4 nm,338.6 nm,355.8 nm and 306.0 nm using the peak–zero method, respectively. In the optimal experimental conditions, there was a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 9-OHPe and 2-OHFlu in the range of 1.75×10-94.50×10-6 mol L-1, 3.64×10-82.20×10-4 mol L-1, 8.18×10-91.20×10-4 mol L-1, 3.26×10-98.50×10-5 mol L-1 and 4.88×10-9 5.50×10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be 5.25×10-10 mol L-1 for 1-OHP, 1.10×10-8 mol L-1 for 1-NAP, 2.46×10-9 mol L-1 for 2-NAP, 9.77×10-10 mol L-1 for 9-OHPe and 1.46×10-9 mol L-1 for 2-OHFlu. The proposed method is reliable, selective and sensitive, and has been used successfully in the determination of traces of 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 9-OHPe and 2-OHFlu in human urine samples, whose results were in good agreement with those gained by the HPLC method.In the chapter 3, a method was presented for the determination of 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) by fluorescence and diode array detection - reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. The determination was carried out on a Shim-pack VP - ODS C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 4.6±0.3μm) by 20μL sample and Methanol/HAc- NaAc (pH 4.5) (65:35, V/V ) was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and the column oven temperature was set at 30°C. Instrument detection limits of the fluorescence detection were 0.0010.090μmol L-1 and the diode array detection were 0.0500.900μmol L-1, precisions of the method were 0.61.4% (fluorescence detection) and 1.15.5% (diode array detection). The recoveries of standard addition were 95.5108.0%. The method is suitable for the identification and quantification of these compositions in human urine.In the chapter 4, classification models of lung cancer patients and healthy people have been built from high performance liquid chromatography data. The PAHs metabolic profiling from 36 patients with lung cancer and 10 normal adults was determined by RP-HPLC,and analyzed in the methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares, the classification model was built, finally the two more important indicator with relatively significant abnormal changes (1–NAP, NAP) were identified, it is useful for lung cancer diagnoses.
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