| Periodontal diseases are chronic diseases leading the destruction of periodontal sustaining tissue and the loss of teeth. The aim of periodontal treatment is not only having the inflammation under control but also regenerating the tissues which have been lost. The alveolar bone lost can caused by trauma, tumor and other diseases. The regeneration of periodontal tissue contains two parts: hard tissue (alveolar bone and cement) and soft tissue (periodontal membrane and gingival). Tissue engineering technology makes it possible. Tissue engineering technology contain three element: seed cells, cytokines and carriers. Bone marrow stem cells have these characteristics: strong ability of proliferation and plasticity, the stability of implantation, they are also easy to get and there is little harm to the providers. There must be a potential ability of bone formation. Nowadays, seed cells for bone formation may come from periosteum, cancellous bone and bone marrow. The reason for the osteogenesis ability of bone marrow is that there are stromal stem cells which have multi-differentiation potentiality. These cells can be induced into osteoblasts in the very conditions. For example, bone morphogenetic protein can prompt the process of osteogenesis of these stromal cells. There are three points in the carrier of bone tissue engineering: first as a carrier it can take the seed cells to the target area to repair the bone defects. At this point, they are frames. Second is that the carrier must be biocompatibility or biodissolved. There is no harm to the body and no adverse effects on the body regeneration. The two points above are basis characters for carriers. Third is that a good carrier can prompt or accelerate the process of regeneration. For bone tissue engineering carrier it can induce the seed cells to differentiate to osteoblasts, sustain the development of bone formation. The effects of cytokine played in the bone tissue engineering are also important. So selecting the proper seed cells and carriers, finding the very cytokine which has the proper bio-effects are the goals of researchers, and it is the only one way to repair the bone defects perfectly.In this experiment we used the combination of BMSCs and FG to repair the defects in the alveolar bone. Objective: To explore the effects and feasibility of the repairing alveolar bone by using the combinations of bone marrow stromal cells and fibrin glue. Methods: 45 rats are randomly grouped into A,B,C three groups. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the sucking mouse and then separated,cultured to the second generation to get ready for being used. The available cells combined with fibrin glue and then immediately implanted the combination into the defects of A group. The rats of B group were implanted with FG only. C group was the control group. The rats were killed on the 3rd and 6th weeks after the operations. The microscopic,histological HE stain and Micro-CT techniques were used to observe and value the osteogenesis. Results: New bone trabecula formed on experiment side on the rats in 3rd weeks. The bone regeneration of A group's rats seemed well after 6 weeks of operation than the other two groups. There are only fibrous tissues in the bone defects of B and C groups'rats. Conclusion: BMSCs are easy to get and the same as FG, the two materials have their own edges on bone tissue engineering. Combined materials can increase the amounts of new bone and accelerate the repair process. BMSCs and FG are ideal seed cells and carrier in bone tissue engineering. This experiment showed a feasible approach of repairing the defects in alveolar bone of the rats.
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