Study On Methods And Contents Of The Effective Components And Inorganic Elements In Salvia

The genus Salvia Linn. belongs to Lamiaceae, and it is perennial herbage. The genus Salvia Linn. is the largest member and account for more than 20% of the family Lamiaceae, it includes approximately 1050 species distributed in world. Flora of China record, there are 78 species,24 variations,8 forms in China, they distributing in most areas especially the southwest regions, most of the genus grow in mountains in the elevation of 120 m-4500 m. Among the 110 accessions of Salvia in China,36 accessions (including variations and forms) have the medical value, and they are belong to subgenus Salvia, Sclarea, Jungia and Allagospadonopsis. The 36 accessions classified into Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.) group and non-Dan Shen group on the basis of the medicinal parts and efficacies. The Dan Shen group with the effective treatment of activating blood, clearing-stasis antibiosis and antiphlogosis by the root. Tbe non-Dan Shen group with the effective treatment of dispelling rheumatism, nourishing lung and nephridium, eliminating toxin and turgescence by whole plant.1. This paper optimized the extraction methods of liposoluble constituents and water-soluble constituents in Salvia. The optimal technical condition for liposoluble constituents were that:80% ethanol,20 minutes ultrasonic extraction, and the optimal technical condition for water-soluble constituents were that:water,4 hours soxhlet extraction. The average recovery rate of methods are 96.50%(Cryptotanshinone),97.88% (TanshinoneⅠ),98.02%(TanshinoneⅡA),95.17%(Protocatechuic aldehyde),94.06% (Salvianolic acid A) and 91.43% (Salvianolic acid B) respectively, RSD are 1.8%,1.4%, 1.7%,1.9%,2.0% and 1.0% respectively. The test result proved that this methods has high accuracy, fine precision, as well as great reproducibility. Determination of Cryptotanshinone, TanshinoneⅠ, TanshinoneⅡA, Protocatechuic aldehyde, Salvianolic acid A and Salvianolic acid B in 22 samples by HPLC, and we analyze the determination results with correlation analysis by SPSS13.0. The outcomes show that TanshinoneⅡA had high significant positive correlation to Cryptotanshinone, TanshinoneⅠ, Protocatechuic aldehyde and Salvianolic acid B, and Salvianolic acid B had high significant positive correlation to Protocatechuic aldehyde and TanshinoneⅠ, then Salvianolic acid A had no correlation to Salvianolic acid B and TanshinoneⅡA.2. Pb and Cd are more volatile elements, they are easy loss at ashing phase. The experiments optimized the determination methods of Pb and Cd in Salvia. The results show that the optimum condition as following:NH4H2PO4 as matrix modifier, the ashing temperature are 900℃and 700℃respectively, the atomization temperature are 1400℃and 1200℃respectively. Then the other experiments optimized the optimum condition for measuring the content of K and Na in Salvia. The results show that:the fluxes of air are 1.9 L·min-1 and 1.8 L·min-1 respectively, the burner heights are 7 mm and 8 mm respectively, and the analytical lines are 766.5nm and 589.0 nm respectively. The methodological average recovery rates of K and Na are 106.0%,101.2%,92.5% and 104.2% respectively, the detection limits are 1.97μg·L-1,0.550μg·L-1,5.60μg·L-1, and 0.600μg·L-1, respectively, and the RSD are 0.44%,0.010%,1.7% and 0.90% respectively. The test results proved that this methods has high accuracy, fine precision, as well as great reproducibility. The concentration of 12 kinds of inorganic elements in 22 accessions of Salvia were tested by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that:Ca, Mg, Fe, K and Na were massive elements, and S. brevilabra has the highest concentration in Ca, own 22.81 mg·g-1; S. miltiorrhiza from Zhejiang province has the highest concentration in Mg, own 10.73 mg·g-1; S. cavaleriei has the highest concentration in Fe, own 5.472 mg·g-1; S. miltiorrhiza of wildly from Henan province has the highest concentration in K, own 21.59 mg·g-1; S. paohsingensis has the highest concentration in Na, own 5.745 mg·g-1. Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo and Cr were the essential element for human, the concentration of Mn, Cu and Zn were the highest in S. cavaleriei, namely,208.2μg·g-1, 40.06μg·g-1 and 182.3μg·g-1, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010) ruled the conent of Cu in S. miltiorrhiza could not more than 20μg·g-1, S. miltiorrhiza from Beijing and Shanxi Xi'an unqualified; the concentration of Mo was the highest in S. miltiorrhiza of AIGAN from Sichuan province (1.581μg·g-1); S. cavaleriei has the highest concentration in Cr, own 0.5986μg·g-1; S. cavaleriei has the highest concentration in Fe, own 0.5986 mg·g-1; Pb and Cd were the harmful element, Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010) ruled the conent of Pb and Cd in S. miltiorrhiza could not more than 5μg·g-1 and 0.3μg·g-1, respectively, the Cd contents of S. cavaleriei var. simplicifolia and S. cavaleriei are unqualified, namely,0.6233μg·g-1 and 0.3453μg·g-13. Analysis the relationship of elements and effective constituents by SPSS 13.0. The datum show that Ca had high significant subtractive correlation to Protocatechuic aldehyde and Salvianolic acid B, and it had significant subtractive correlation to Salvianolic acid A. Fe had significant subtractive correlation to Protocatechuic aldehyde and Salvianolic acid B. The inorganic elements of Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, K, Na, Mo, Cr and Cd had no significant subtractive correlation to cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠ, tanshinoneⅡA, Protocatechuic aldehyde, Salvianolic acid A and Salvianolic acid B.