A Research On Formats Of "Henbu X" And "Buhen X"

This paper is a response about investigation items of the category of negation in A Handbook for Grammatical Investigation and Research. The investigation item numbered 1.4.1 request answering the following questions:"How to express the negation of all kinds of sentences? List the components of negation and point it in sentences. Describe the impact on the rest components."The category of negation in Chinese is very complicated, the formats of"henbu X"and"buhen X"in this paper only are a part of this investigation item."henbu X"and"buhen X"are two formats which are used frequently in Modern Chinese. Many scholars had some discussions and instructions about level of structures and expressive character of"henbu X"and"buhen X". However, there is a lot of controversy. Furthermore, centralized and special paper about"henbu X"and"buhen X"is small, related research achievements are also dispersed. Based on the former scholar's research results, this paper mainly investigates the syntactic structures and cognitive meaning of"henbu X"and"buhen X"combined with the subjectivity theory of cognitive linguistics by analyzing a large number of language facts. The concrete work is organized in following way:(1)Summarize the existing research achievements, doing up the academic development vein of this subject, evaluate the gain and loss of existing research in order to clearly understand the starting point of this paper.(2)Discuss the negative object of"bu"and syncategorematic degree of"hen"in the formats of"henbu X"and"buhen X", analyse of structure levels combining the generalprinciple of dividing the level of structure. In the format of"henbu X","hen"has degree meaning, means degree high and has a meaning of emphasizing the negative, the negative object of"bu"is"X"; in the format of"buhen X","hen"has lost its original meanings,"buhen"has the tendency of lexicalization, so, this text divides"buhen X"into"buhen1 X"and"buhen2 X". In the format of"buhen1 X","hen"still is degree adverb, the negative object of"bu"is"hen", consequently,"hen"and"bu"make up a adverb phrases of degree"buhen", then ,this phrase"buhen"embellishes"X". Therefore, the meaning of"buhen1 X"is a weakening degree of"X"; in the format of"buhen2 X", the meaning of"hen"has grammaitcalized, so it has no longer degree meaning but relaxing the mood which can mitigate the meaning of negation."Buhen2 X"is a format of euphemistic expression about negation, the negative object of"bu"is"X". Based on the above analysis and combined the principle of form and meaning, this paper analyzes the structure levels of"henbu X"and"buhen X", the main results are as follows: (?)(3)From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, analyze the connotation of cognitive semantics of"henbu X"and"buhen X"by using subjectivity theory.The paper argues that the core component parts"hen"and"bu"have stronger subjectivity, so the formats of"henbu X"and"buhen X"also have stronger subjectivity. Besides, the paper also argues that the performance of subjectivity of"henbu X"and"buhen X"have two sides, the one is subjective assessment about quantity of things or events, the other is subjective understanding about status and trends of events development. In the terms of subjective quantity,"henbu x"is great quantity of subjectivity,"buhen X"is small quantity of subjectivity. In the terms of subjective understanding,"henbu X"and"buhen X"all illustrate that the status and trends of events development is unexpected.(4)Point out some phenomena and the problem failed to solve in the course of writing.The words which can enter into the formats of"henbu X"and"buhen X"are mostly adjective and verb. However, not all the words can enter into the formats of"henbu X"and"buhen X". Some words can enter into not only"henbu X"but also"buhen X", some words just enter into"buhen X"and some words enter into neither"henbu X"nor"buhen X". This paper cannot solve the question that what the selection mechanism of this two formats is. We have a commentary about past achievements in order to provide an entry point for people with an interest in it. At the same time, we also hope that we can find some new perspectives in the after study, thus make the above phenomenon get reasonable explanation.