A Research Of The Abdication System Of Retired Emperor And The Movement Of Exercise Of Sovereign Power From Qianlong To Jiaqing

In order to fulfill the promise at the beginning of ascending to the throne, even to become the first whole-person, Though Qianlong hadn't a firm stand, he handed down the power to Jiaqing. Emperor made careful preparation to abdicate, such as building Ningshou Palace, giving preferential to people and announcing the date of abdication, in order to define his abdicative attitude. But in essence, Qianlong still absolute controlled on. To firmly grasp the imperial power in his hands, Qianlong Emperor began to initial allocation, Not only in the rite Qianlong was high than Jiaqing, but also announced he hold the administrative power. The power of Jiaqing was little, offering sacrifices to ancestors, presiding over the ceremony, commenting on documents and so on. While still lived in Yangxing Palace, cast Qianlong coin and used formerly calendar,it can be cleared that Qianlong was the real master of the Empire. Not the only one, he always took precautions against Jiaqing. What's more, Heshen who was his favor minister and owned kinds of power was also an obstructer for Jiaqing. Jiaqing showed all first to his father and befriend Heshen. From what he had done, he acquired his father's trust and confused to Heshen. With his body and the spirit falling into a decline, the drawbacks of elderly politics gradually emerged, such as ruler's decay, army's rotten, annexation of land and population explosion. When Jiaqing was in power, he began to deal with internal affairs and put down the rebellion. He wanted to save the decline of empire in medium-term dynasty, but the decline of the feudal system is the inevitable result.