Comparative Study On "Kanlai","Xianglai"

"Kanlai" and "Xianglai", which are used more frequently in modern Chinese language, has attracted many scholars'attention from the perspective of phrase, usage, semantics and pragmatics. Especially, there are more and more works carrying on the cognitive views to these words. Not only can they be used as verbs, marked as "Kanlai 1","Xianglai 1", meaning "suppose"; but also used as modality adverbs, "Kanlai 2","Xianglai 2", meaning "about". This text will compare these two words from the points of syntax, cognitive (lexicalization and grammaticalization) and pragmatics.The full text will be divided into six parts:The introduction includes the research present situation, the research goals, the research ways, the research significance and the language materials origin.Chapter 1 mainly describes the syntactical character of "Kanlai 1", "Xianglai 1" and "Kanlai 2","Xianglai 2", referring to the place they are used in the sentences, the choices to the words or phrases they modifies, the kind of sentences they are used for.Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 mainly analyze how and why the two words are lexicalized and grammaticalized. Both of them are firstly lexicalized and then grammaticalized, but the grammatical process of "kanlai" is longer than "xianglai", from the verb phrase to the visual verb, and cognitive verb, and then grammaticalized to modality adverb. "Xianglai" has changed from V-C phrase to cognitive verb, and the modality adverb. While the former has a new different meaning, the latter still the same, they have come into the adverb category.Chapter 4 presents the pragmatic characteristics of "Kanlai 1", "Xianglai 1" and "Kanlai 2", "Xianglai 2". Firstly, it shows the difference of "Kanlai 1", "Xianglai 1" on their collocating with the personal pronoun. Then, the text compares these two words on the points of subjectivity function and discourse review function. As the parentheses in modern chinese, there are still some differences between "Kanlai 2" and "Xianglai 2" when they are used for communicating, involving how they restricts the context and express the logical relation in the context. And last, according to the analysis before, it concludes some conditions that "Kanlai" and "Xianglai" can be exchanged.Chapter 5 is the conclusion part of the whole text.