Study Of Britain New Towns After World War Ⅱ

At the end of 19 century, with the rapid centralization of population and industries promoted by Industry Revolution. Serious cities problem appeared in Great Britain. Garden City Theory which was founded by Ebenezer Howard, a famous social reformer, provided completely new proposal to resolve city problem. But in the course of the evolution of the theory, the sections about social reform was abandoned, those about city planning were preserved. The Britain Government constructed new towns in large-scale after World War II and it gained great success. It also raised worldwide wave to construct new towns at the same time. The Britain New Town History became the object of scholars all over the world. In the paper the writer uses for reference of scholar achievement and tries to analyze the Britain Garden City theory change in the specific practice and Britain Government's construction and character of New Towns. Expect to deepen the cognition of Britain urbanization.The body of the composition is composed of five parts: The first part traces the cause of the New Town rise, the emergence and alienation of Garden City Theory. The second part: firstly introduces Letchworth and Welywn, two garden cites built by Howard's adherents, secondly describes the evolvement and act of city planning of Britain government. The third part introduces the foundation of the Reith committee and their analyzes the city problems, especially their new towns master plan, also summaries three historical stages of Britain government's building new towns in large-scale. The forth part, compared with traditional cities, analyzes the character of new towns which possesses the advantage of both city and country, industrial arrangement in reason, taking into account the balance of industry, unique traffic planning, also points the inadequateness of new towns building, such as comprehensive planning, functional perfection, self-sufficiency, dispersal of metropolitan, redevelopment of old cities, and regional planning. At last new towns gained great success, but it did not solve the city problem completely. The fifth part, the writer thinks the construction of Britain new towns generates profound and lasting influence in the world; it points a direction of city building, triggered upsurge in lots of countries. And this is the vitality of Howard's Garden City theory.Overall, Britain New Town Movement had become history, it founded the important base of theory and practice of city planning, and it accumulated much valuable experience. It influenced the surge wave of building new towns all over the world, no one can ignore the importance of its influence on city develop history.