The Study On The Cognitive Process Of Perspective In The Framework Of PICM

Perspective refers to a particular attitude towards something or a way of thinking about something, which has been studied in Psychology, Phenomenology, and Linguistics. This paper restrains the study on perspective only in Linguistics. In Linguistics, perspective is a kind of cognitive schema, which is originated from embodied experiment and indicating people's attitudes and evaluation towards the world. It draws many scholars'attention on different aspects of perspective. This thesis tries to establish a new framework of model PICM to analyze the detailed cognitive process of perspective and summarize the characteristics to enrich the study.Perspective refers to a schema which constrains the deep structure of the text and exerts control over the organization of the surface structure of the text, reflecting the angles from which people can see the world, and their attitudes dominating the choice and composition of the objects. The author holds that perspective is a dynamic mental process with continuous choice and prominence in human beings'mind. There are four major types of perspective in discourse, spatial-temporal perspective, ideological perspective, psychological perspective and perceptual perspective. Under the new framework of PICM, four major perspectives are discussed separately and represented by the models. In spatial-temporal perspective, time and space deixis are the linguistic markers of perspective, which stimulate the cognitive models in human's mind to arrive at the destination along the profiled mental route. In ideological perspective, modality words, social deixis and value expressions indicate the speaker's beliefs or attitudes and their cognitive process is different from each other. Psychological perspective always focuses on who is presented as the observer of the text and how the text is constructed through the narrator or the participating character. To identify the discourse's psychological perspective is to distinguish the speaker from the narrator of the text. The author summarizes four types of cognitive models on psychological perspective. In perceptual perspective, it always refers to the selection and composition of the information, which is revealed through the selection of the voice, and their cognitive process is different from each other.This research tells us that different perspective reflects different mental process of human beings and produces different discourse. With the clear understanding of the cognitive process of perspective, people can comprehend the discourse better and go deeper to the analysis of the text, no matter in literature or in linguistics.