A Research On The System Of Administrative Region Of Three Tings In Koubei In The Early Qing Dynasty

There are Chahar Mongolia Banners, reclaim men, religious and commercial immigration, pastures gathered in the region of three Tings in Koubei in the early Qing dynasty, nomadism and farming being together, all peoples lived there, all kinds of management system coexisted. It is very difficult for any side to resolve the imposing of money and grain, criminal penalty and the lawsuit between civil and banners above, so the Qing government set up zhangjiakou pass, Dolonnorkou pass, Dushikou pass in succession,called three Tings in Koubei, to solve the affairs above in one office, and managed this region in effect. We will start from kinds of entering powers perspective, clarify the processing the founding of three Tings in Koubei and the splitting of power, and probe the relationship between Xuanhua prefecture, Chahar Mongolia Banners, Koubei office and three Tings in Koubei.