The Relationship Of Poetic Ode And Poem Before Tang Dynasty

The poetry and ode are both the important literary forms in the history of Chinese literature. In the development of literature, there is an important phenomenon, i.e. poetry and ode are influenced and infiltrated with each other. Throughout the whole history of literature, few researchers, regardless of the ancient and modern, deal with the relation of poetry and ode. From the perspective of the relation of poetic ode and poetry, the representative poetic odes and poetries before Tang Dynasty are selected as objects of investigation. The spotlights are the following:Firstly, style features and origin of poetic ode. The poetic ode includes not only Four-Sentences-Ode evolved from the Book of Songs, but also Five and Seven-Sentences-Ode with the rise of poem with five or seven characters to a line. So to speak, Four-Sentences-Ode which is short length and elegant is mainly used in Han Dynasty Wei-Jin, while Five and Seven-Sentences-Ode which is ornate and flowery in language, undisciplined in style, liked as ode song form is popular in Liang-Chen and early Tang Dynasty. Poetic ode's birth and development had a lot to do with the poems pre-Qin Dynasty, but should owe its real origin to "Ode to Oranges" written by Qu Yuan and "Prose Writtings" by Xun Qin.Secondly, the relation of poetic ode and poem in pro-Qin Dynasty. The poetic ode only includes "Ode to Oranges" written by Qu Yuan and "Prose Writtings" by Xun Qin which is in the status of the source of the relation of the whole poetic ode and poem before Tang Dynasty as the origin of poetic ode. The relation of poetic ode and poem in pre-Qin Dynasty is mainly reflected in inheriting and developing the Book of Songs and pre-Qin and Chu area folk songs.Thirdly, the relation of poetic ode and poem in Han Dynasty. The relation is divided into two parts, including the relation of poetic ode and poem in Western Han Dynasty and the relation in Eastern Han Dynasty. In consideration of the structure of the writers of poetic ode and the sentence pattern of most of poetic ode ( four-sentence) in Western Han Dynasty, the focus is the relation of poetic ode and Book of Songs, the poem each line of which consists of four words. Intense lyric style in Minor ode of Eastern Han Dynasty manifests the independent consciousness of literati; moreover, compared with Western Han Dynasty, there are large variation and development in the sentence pattern in Eastern Han Dynasty. So, the changes in sentences and the break of art in Eastern Han Dynasty are emphasized.Fourthly, the relation of poetic ode and poem in Wei-Jin. Under the special social and political circumstances, the political and ideological chaos casts a heavy shadow on the soul of scholars in Western Jin, who can only succumb to the pressure of circumstances with meeting the elite in politic, confused with the secular in spirit. Though the literary activities and deliberately flaunted unique way of life, the scholars embody the distinction with laity, but their essence has been completely secular. So the odes they are writing out clearly shows the tendency of life and secularization. Meanwhile, the relation of poetic ode and poem in Wei-Jin is mainly reflected in poetic form, poetry and poetic realm.Fifthly, the relation poetic ode and poem in Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the history of ode-style literature, the Northern and Southern Dynasties is the era of unprecedented wide variety of subjects, enriched contents and exquisite fine art. The poetic odes of the era inherit the traditional themes of earlier works, deriving nourishment from earlier ant, as well as develop in the direction of the deeper, broader, more precise and pretty, opening up new area. In Northern and Southern Dynasties, poetic ode and poem blend with each other, which are reflected in the ode in the form of poetry and the poem in the form of ode.