| With the Inclination of stud ing regional economy in recclht years, the relevant works Were successively published. Aniong thent ,the discussion on the changes of modern social economy of the countrysides in North China was particularly conspicious. In a short period of years, several monographs were published and the scholars at home and abroad deepened the research from different aspects.Among the research achievements of modern countrysides in North China,the influential works that touch upou the markets of the countrysides were accomplished by the American scholars , Rotitatt Myers and Philip Huang ,and the Chinese scholars,Cong HanXiang(~~~) ,Qiao Zhiqiarg(~~~) and their cooperators. In accordance with the reponts of the investigatious carried out by .Johii Buck and the Japanese Railway Company in Manzhou, The C/a we&i Peasant Economy, Ag rice/turn!development üa Jlepei and shaantung (1870-1949)by Myers showed the ~ inspection on the economy of the countrysides in Hepei and Shantung. He believed that the peasants were able to take responsive action promptly to the changing markets and their life level didn' t decline. The Modern Countrysz4es m Jlepez, Jlenan and Shaantung by Cong supported the idea that the ecotbomy of the countrysides greatly developed in the first half of the 20th century. He further studied the different sorts of towns,but he didn't spare a special chapter for the relationship between the peasants and the markets in the book. The author of The Sin all-svale Pea &znt Economy and Social LThanges in North China and The Development of the Pea&int Families and Villages on the Delta of the Yant~.edraw the conclusion that commercialization led to the strengthing of the chinese small-scale peasant economy. His works have much to do with the rural markets,but be didn't make thorough discussion on the issue. It's thus clear that the authors of these works conducted comprehensive research on lie countrysides in different areas of North China in different time. But because they discussed different questions their research didn't concertrated in the changes of the relationship between the l)eastiiits and the markets in North China from 1895 to 1936.The late American scholar Daniel Tony whose research specialized in the peasant problem behieveti that "peasants and their descendants"occupied the largest percentage of the population of a nation even in some developed industrial countries today. But In modern China,peasants were almost the whole of Chinese. The Chinese scholar Qing 1-Iui held the idea that the problem of china actually was the peasant problem and he thought that ,in final analysis ,the process of China's modernization was the process of social reform of peasants. Therefore,on one side,we absorb the great research achieventerats of the forerunners ;on the other slde,we devoted ourselves to the study on the relationship between the peasants and the markets in North China from 1895 to 1936. The study is helpful to find out the substantial power which spurs the changes of social economy in North China. In particular in China today where we set off an upsurge of reform with countrysides as the starting point and with peasants as the pioneers ,to relive the history in the special region-North China-is helpful for us to make a thorough study on the peasant problem. Considering the principle of time integrative development of social economy and the disequilibrium of social development in different areas, we confirtrm time geographical slope of the countrysides of North China as Shanxi, Hepei (Beijing and Tiamajing included ,Shantung ,Henan and some heighbouring areas of Inner Mongolia.It's commonly ackonwledged that the transformation of Modern Chinese Socity began after the Opium War. However,the transformation of the rural society in North China began after the SlimJapanese War of 1894 to 1895. The Changes of the relationship between the peasants and the markets were one of the driving factors of the latter transformation. But how were the peasants in North...
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