A Commentary Of The Chinese Industrial Co-operativeMovement During The Anti-Japanese War

During the Anti-Japanese War, a great Industrial Co-operative Movement(the ICM)sprang up on the Chinese land, which was a co-operative movement specializing in producing materials to provide military and civil supplies under the specific historical conditions of the second co-operation of the C.P.C with the KMT. The paper makes a deep analysis of the background, the development, the cause of the decline and the influence of the ICM from various angles by recalling the movement systematically.The paper consists of four parts.In the first part, the author makes an analysis of the background of the ICM from both the internal and external factors. The author thinks that the vigorous growth of the international co-operative movement laid an ideological foundation for the ICM; the spread and practice of the co-operative thoughts in China also provided a mass foundation for the development of the ICM; the heavy disaster caused by the aggression war on China was the fuse of the rising of the movement.In the second part, the author makes a review of the history of the ICM.Using the development situation of the movement in China as a clue, the movement was divided into three stages combining with the changes of the Anti-Japanese War's situation and the KMT's attitudes towards the ICM.1.the period of brewing and beginning, the author thinks that it was foreign friends, the C.P.C, democratic patriotic personages and the KMT's government who played a leading role during the time.Meanwhile, the paper points out that the ICM was an important link among the C.P.C, the KMT and democratic forces.2.the period of development. The main task of the ICM in this period was to establish different kinds of co-operatives, agencies in large zones and general affairs offices.3.the period of the decline and fall. The author points out that thedevelopment of the ICM was hampered not only by some political and economic factors that existed inside the KMT's government but also by some faults and the dark sides combined with the movement.In the third part, the author probes into the strength of the ICM by studying the organization structure, variety of business and the development situation in the areas of the KMT and the C.P.C.In the fourth part, the author brings to light the great significance of the ICM from the aspects of the economic effect, the united front effect, democratic function and educational function, concluding that the movement played an important economic role in supporting the long-term Anti-Japanese War, besides, it made great contribution to promoting the economic democracy, political reforms and mass education.At the end of the paper, the author summarizes some enlightenments, revealing the practical significance of studying this subject.