The Care For Humanities In Marx' View Of Practice

Since industrial revolution, with the development of science and technology, and the ability of human being having been improved, the material wealth of human being has rapidly increased. But it has not brought general formal happiness. On the contrary, it causes ecology and environment worsening, a wide gap between the rich and the poor, the political corruption and credibility crisis of values. In the one-sided society of chasing material wealth and economic development, meaning of life and human nature are lost in material desires.In this thesis, the author expounds the Marx' practical view from man-Study angle and reveals that Marx showed solicitude for human being's living.The author thinks the practice integrates objectivity with subjectivity, initiativity with passivity, science with values, people's nature with their reason. The dual structures of practice impel people and their world to advance. The practical category is divided into three formations, material productive behaviour, social contact behaviour and spirits generative behaviour .The three formations of practice separately bring the essence of mankind, of groups, of individual into being. The division of practice and essence helps us analyze them in logic. In reality, the three formations of practice and three layers of people's essence can not exist in isolation, they mutually affect. It not only indicates the complexity of coming into a person and variation of people's living, but also the essence of people being by themselves. People's essence are developing and opening forever. The practice is the essential mode of lives. The exposition on relation between the practical formations and the layers of mankind's essence is the author's original idea.Marx, not like his followers, was not unrealistically optimistic the practice. He realized the both side functions of practice. The side effect makes people lopsided development. After analyzing the reason of alienation and criticizing it vehemently, Marx put forward individual's all-round and free development. When owning his three layers of essence and freedom, it will come true that everyone gets along with the nature, society and himself. The individual's all-round development is not a dream.It will be realized by unceasing practice. Up to this point, that Marx was concerned for people on reality is all inclusive, including human being, groups and individual.Another important issue in the thesis is that how Marx carried on and transcended the humanism of Feuerbach. The author sort out the changes of Marx' thoughts from humanism to historical materialism. In Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844), affected deeply by Feuerbach, Marx advanced his theory in the train of his: essence of human being-alienation-returning the essence of human being. He regarded the free and willing behiour as human being's primary essence, and then losing it, at last getting it again, the essence is apriori and speculated. In the Holy Family, Marx expounded the history from people's actual needs after absorbing the thoughts of the 18century French materialism. In Theses on Feuerbach and the German Ideology, he sublated the thoughts of Feuerbach. Criticizing the past materialism and idealism, he established his thoughts on historical materialism. He reached a conclusion that the reason of alienation was productive force. So there are difference of caring for people between Marxist and humanism of feuerbach. Caring for humanities in speculation, not in reality, it leads to only criticizing reality or describing the ideals or counting on religion. It can not resolve the questions about people's, while Marx really do them by people's practice.Correctly comprehending the Marx' practical view helps us to solve the tense relations between human being and the nature, to extricate oneself from alienation predicament, to free Chinese people from puzzled about social transformation.